Comparative mechanistic study of Coxsackievirus B5 and Human Adenovirus Serotype 2 inactivation by chlorine

Effective control of waterborne pathogens is a primary goal toward providing safe drinking water. Viral pathogens are of particular concern because of challenges associated with detecting and monitoring infectious virions. US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) requires 4-log removal of enteric viruses by a combination of filtration and disinfection. Chlorine, including free chlorine and chloramine (mainly monochloramine), are two widely used disinfectants. Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5), a single-stranded RNA virus, is one of the most resistant viruses to free chlorine treatment. Human Adenovirus Serotype 2 (HAdV-2), a double-stranded DNA virus, is the most resistant virus to monochloramine treatment, while being sensitive to free chlorine. On the basis of previous studies, this dissertation presents a comparative study of CVB5 and HAdV-2 inactivation by free chlorine or monochloramine, on the kinetics and molecular mechanistic levels. Inactivation kinetics of CVB5 inactivation by monochloramine (the main species of chloramines) at various pH and temperature conditions were examined. Mathematical models were built based on the CVB5 free chlorine and monochloramine inactivation data to predict the CVB5 inactivation rate constants and the kinetics in pH and temperature ranges relevant to water treatment by free chlorine or monochloramine. The genome integrity damage of CVB5 by free chlorine or monochloramine with exposure relevant to water treatment or several times higher was examined by quantitative PCR with approximately 100 or 1000-base amplicons. The effect of free chlorine or monochloramine treatment on several CVB5 replication cycle events were investigated. Additionally, plaque assays with serial transfer were performed for HAdV-2 to determine its ratio of Infectious Virion-to-PFU, which is helpful for the estimation of infectious HAdV-2 concentrations with conventional plaque assay. Overall, this dissertation provides a comprehensive picture of CVB5 and HAdV-2 inactivation by free chlorine and monochloramine in the aspect of kinetics, genome damage and replication cycle events, with a focus on CVB5 studies. Future legislation of water disinfection and development of new technologies such as infectious virus sensor could benefit from these research outcomes.

Name thesis:degree_name

Ph.D.

Level thesis:degree_level

Dissertation

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Environ Engr in Civil Engr

Grantor

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Year dc:date

2022

Author dc:creator

• Cong, Wen

Contributors dc:contributor

• Mariñas, Benito Jose
• Liu, Wen-Tso
• Wei, Na
• Lu, Yi

• Enterovirus
• Coxsackievirus
• Adenovirus
• Chlorine
• Free Chlorine
• Combined Chlorine
• Chloramine
• Disinfection
• Water
• Kinetics
• Replication Cycle
• Replication Cycle Analysis
• Gene Damage
• Genome Damage
• Naked Gene
• Naked Genome
• Attachment
• Gene Replication

Statement dc:rights

• Copyright 2022 Wen Cong

Language dc:language

en, eng

Handle dc:identifier

https://hdl.handle.net/2142/117588

OAI record oai:identifier

https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/oai-pmh?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=etdms&identifier=oai%3Awww.ideals.illinois.edu%3A2142%2F117588