Prevalence of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis MDR-TB and associated risk factors among patients in Vhembe Region of Limpopo. South Africa

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a critical and significant obstacle in the management of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. This driven by the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains and co-infection of TB with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have become major challenge in eradicating TB especially in low- and middle-income countries. Approximately half a million cases of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis were reported in 2020, with 78% of these cases developing into MDR-TB. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MDR-TB and its associated risk factors in Vhembe region (Limpopo, South Africa). METHODOLOGY: A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on plausible risk factors. A total of 50 participants from the overall study were enrolled and sputum samples were obtained from patients receiving treatment from 20 healthcare facilities. Each patient blood sample was first tested for HIV using rapid test. For this study DNA was extracted from the sputum samples using reagents from multiplex real-time PCR kit (Allplex). Multiplex realtime PCR (Anyplex/ Allplex) was used to confirm the presence of TB and to detect MDR-TB respectively. MassArray was used to detect any mutation on the SNPs for rpoB and katG and inhA promoter region of the MTB. RESULTS: Out of the 50 TB patients, 18% (9/50) were found to be MTB, 18% (9/50) to be MTB+NTM and (27/50) were NTM and 10% (5/50) could not be amplified. In this study, it was found that 2 samples were DR-TB from the patients that were MTB and MTB+NTM positive. Overall, the percentage of DR-TB was 4% (2/50). HIV prevalence in the population was 64% (32/50). The risk factors that showed high significance level of association are educational level (52%), occupation (60%), religion (80%), dusty area (72%), wearing protective mask (72%) and family support (90%). Sequence analysis showed no mutation in one patient and for the other patient the DNA not successfully genotyped. Conclusion: There are several risk factors that are associated with TB, this includes education level, occupation, and religion. High prevalence of TB (32%) was found. However, there was low prevalence (4%) of DR-TB found (Rifampicin resistant, isoniazid resistant). Furthermore, after genotyping the resistant SNPs using MassArray, the results obtained showed that there was no mutation identified. It was observed that adolescents and young adults are more susceptible to acquiring TB and DR-TB. Timely detection of medication resistance is imperative for the efficient management of the disease and dissemination of information related to TB and MDR-TB is vital especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Author dc:creator

• Mahamud, H.

Advisors dc:contributor.advisor

• Traore, A. N.
• Potgieter, N.
• Rikhotso, M. C.

• Anyplex/allplex
• HIV
• MDR-TB
• Risk-factors
• SNPs
• TB
• UCTD

Language dc:language.iso

en

Repository record dc:identifier.uri

https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/handle/11602/2768

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:univendspace.univen.ac.za:11602/2768