Effects of consuming thermally abused frying oil on breast cancer metastasis

Deep-fried foods are a significant source of dietary calories and their consumption is associated with breast cancer (BC) risk. Deep-frying food deteriorates oil through numerous physical, chemical and oxidative reactions, leading to the development of thermally abused frying oil (TAFO). These TAFOs contain diverse profiles of food processing-induced toxicants, such as aldehydes, acrolein, heterocyclic amines, aromatic hydrocarbons, and acrylamide, which may all have an impact on BC progression. However, the effects of consuming TAFO on BC metastasis remain unclear. Deaths from BC are not attributed to primary tumors; metastasis to visceral tissues is typically the primary cause of death. Thus, the impact of diets containing significant quantities of deep-fried foods, and therefore TAFO, on BC metastasis needs to be examined. Furthermore, since Americans consume over one-third of total calories from fat, the potential impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with TAFO warrants investigation. In this study, TAFO was produced and the effects of its consumption, as well as the addition of a HFD, on BC progression were evaluated using an in vivo bioluminescent murine model of BC metastasis. We report for the first time that the consumption of TAFO not only increased BC metastasis to the lungs by two-fold, but also induced morphological changes in the tumors, where they exhibited more aggressive and invasive morphological phenotypes. Moreover, TAFO treatment groups had metastatic tumors that were shown to be highly proliferative and apoptotic by immunohistochemistry. Further histopathological analysis of the pulmonary metastases localized within the lung tissue showed enhanced outgrowth of metastasis, particularly within blood vessels among the TAFO treatment groups. These data may contribute to the reduction of diet-related environmental risk factors associated with breast cancer progression.

Name thesis:degree_name

Ph.D.

Level thesis:degree_level

Dissertation

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Food Science & Human Nutrition

Grantor

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Year dc:date

2016

Author dc:creator

• Cam, Anthony

Contributors dc:contributor

• Helferich, William G.
• Pan, Yuan-Xiang
• Engeseth, Nicki J.
• Chen, Hong

• breast cancer
• metastasis
• fried food
• deep-fried food
• deep-fat frying
• frying
• thermally abused oil
• oxidized oil
• frying oil
• thermally abused frying oil
• toxicant
• food processing-induced toxicant
• undesirable compound

Statement dc:rights

• Copyright 2016 Anthony Cam

Language dc:language

en

Handle dc:identifier

http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90922

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/90922