Nicotinamide Riboside Delivery Generates NAD+ Reserves to Protect Vascular Cells Against Oxidative Damage

The ability of vascular cells to withstand oxidative insults is critical to vascular health. NAD+, which drives poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and sirtuin (SIRT) reactions, can be compromised and strategies for overcoming this limitation in the vasculature do not exist. This study determines if nicotinamide riboside (NR) delivery can augment NAD+ stores and fuel resistance to oxidative stress. I established that oxidative-stress insult on vascular cells decreased NAD+ levels, accompanied by a striking increase in nuclear PAR-chain accumulation. PARP inhibition abolished PAR-chain formation and preserved NAD+ levels, establishing PARP in NAD+ consumption in this model. NR delivery protected against cell-shrinkage and cell death and promoted DNA repair efficiency. PARP inhibition mimicked NR’s beneficial effects on cell-shrinkage and viability but at the cost of DNA repair efficiency. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of NR on viability and DNA repair were abrogated upon SIRT1 knock-down (KD). SIRT6 KD was similarly implicated in NR-mediated DNA repair. Furthermore, NR delivery protected against oxidative-stress-induced senescence. This protection was partially lost by SIRT1 KD. NR delivery protects vascular cells from H2O2–induced cell death, cytoskeletal collapse and senescence and promotes DNA repair efficiency. This NAD+ fueling strategy may offer new opportunities for resisting oxidative-stress insults in the aging vasculature.

Name thesis:degree_name

M Sc

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Biochemistry

Grantor dc:publisher

The University of Western Ontario

Year dc:date.issued

2015

Author dc:creator

• Hawrylyshyn, Krista M

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• J.G. Pickering

• NAD+
• nicotinamide riboside
• oxidative stress
• hydrogen peroxide
• PARP
• sirtuin
• SIRT1
• SIRT6

Language dc:language.iso

en_ca

Handle dc:identifier.uri

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/35834

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:uwo.scholaris.ca:20.500.14721/35834