Gender, text, and the body in Martial’s Epigrams

The expression “body of work” has long been used to describe the creative output of an author or artist, and the Latin word corpus is traditionally used to signify the bulk of a textual work because it represents a whole being made of many parts. This dissertation explores Martial’s Epigrams to ask how the poet presents his own work as a whole, gendered entity within its generic context. This dissertation undertakes a close textual analysis of epigrams that prominently feature body imagery for the text and textual imagery applied to the body. The analysis reveals that the text of the epigrams is often figured as a phallic male, but that the text may be figured as a more vulnerable body (e.g., that of a woman, boy, or an emasculated man, “gallus”) to demonstrate moments when the text is most at risk of theft or alteration; this vulnerability is especially applicable to pre-published texts. The research suggests that the figuration of a body of text as a phallically aggressive man presents the text as authoritative and the genre as a worthy form of literature. In the first chapter, I focus on the representations of “wrong” bodies or bodies in need of correcting. In chapter 2, I define various terms in Latin and English and give a brief cultural background before I introduce the idea of the text as an altered male body; the poet employs this imagery to threaten poetic rivals and situate his own text in an authoritative position. In the third chapter, I argue that Book 3 of Martial’s Epigrams is presented as a “macro-epigrammatic” text: the book itself is structured as if it were a large-scale, bipartite epigram, and the joke contained within hinges on the identity of the book as a vir (“man”), not a gallus (“emasculated man”) as the book’s first poem suggests.

Name thesis:degree_name

Ph.D.

Level thesis:degree_level

Dissertation

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Classical Philology

Grantor

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Year dc:date

2020

Author dc:creator

• Wells, Jessica Rose

Contributors dc:contributor

• Williams, Craig
• Augoustakis, Antonios
• Tzanetou, Angeliki
• Walters, Brian

• phallic
• eunuch
• castrate
• emasculate
• Epigram
• Latin
• Latin epigram
• gender
• text
• body
• corpus
• book
• masculinity
• mentula
• macro-epigrammatic
• plagiarism
• self-presentation
• poetry
• Latin poetry
• Roman poetry
• Martial
• Martialis
• Marcus Valerius Martialis
• castration
• emasculation
• Galla
• Gallus
• Cybele
• Priapus
• ithyphallic
• liber
• libellus
• epigramma
• metaliterary
• poetological
• dactylic hexameter
• elegiac couplet
• hegemonic masculinity
• elegiac puella
• humor
• identity
• publication
• vulnerability
• elegy
• epic
• modification
• mutilation
• body alteration
• vir

Statement dc:rights

• Copyright 2019 Jessica Wells

Language dc:language

en

Handle dc:identifier

http://hdl.handle.net/2142/106222

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/106222