The Use of Spectroscopic Techniques in the Characterization of Mycobacterial Metabolites

<p>The mycobacterial cell wall metabolites have always imposed great challenges to researchers due to their unusual complexity and structural diversity. A lot of research efforts have been directed towards the evaluation of these metabolites and the role they play in the pathogenesis and virulence of different serious human pathogens including <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). In the genomic era, it is crucial to develop new methodologies to analyze these components from a global perspective in a comprehensive and well-validated manner.</p> <p>Towards this end, we developed a rapid NMR-based approach to produce metabolic profiles in the form of 2D¹H-¹³C HSQC maps. Due to NMR low sensitivity, we used ¹³C-isotope enrichment strategy to improve the detection threshold of NMR. We developed and investigated the use of three NMR-based profiles. The first is for the cell wall associated lipids, the second is for covalently bound mycolic acids and the third deals with the complex cell wall polysaccharides. Key structural features and major lipid species were readily identifiable using this technique. This approach can be used for observing changes in the cell wall due to drug treatment, gene mutation and changes in the physiological environment, species characterization and screening for virulence factor expression. It also allows for rapid comparative analysis of several cell wall metabolites within the same sample.</p> <p>We have used this approach to evaluate the structural diversity displayed in the cell wall metabolites among different Mycobacteria from different clades. We have successfully used the same technique to monitor changes in the carbohydrate and lipid pools from Mycobacteria grown under laboratory conditions that simulate latency and resuscitation from latency. Moreover, we were also able to use such technique to screen for virulence factor in several<em>M. tuberculosis </em>clinical isolates.</p> <p>Although we have successfully developed and used an NMR approach for metabolite analysis, NMR however remains less sensitive than other spectroscopic techniques like mass spectroscopy (MS). The high sensitivity of MS makes it one of the best candidates for metabolomic studies. However in case of cellular lipids, the low polarity and the variable ionization potential deter its routine use for lipid analysis. Certain metabolites that have low cellular abundance and good ionizability are better analyzed through an MS-based approach. Mycolactones of <em>M. ulcerans</em> and other closely related species are good examples for such metabolites and in this work we have demonstrated the utility of MS as a tool for screening for mycolactones from both bacterial culture and tissue samples.</p> <p>Metabolomics is currently a rapidly growing field and many researchers have directed their attention in developing the right research tools to explore it. Spectroscopic methods along with chromatographic methods have been in the front of this vigorous research effort. The work presented here represents an innovative attempt to utilize such</p> <p>techniques to investigate the metabolome of some of the most serious human pathogens and discusses the potential area where the application of these techniques can be the most useful.</p>

Name thesis:degree_name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Level thesis:degree_level

Dissertation

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Pharmaceutical Sciences

Year dc:date.available

2009

Author dc:creator

• Mahrous, Engy Abdelhameed

Contributors dc:contributor

• Richard E. Lee, Ph. D.

• Lipidomics
• Mass spectroscopy
• Mycobacteria cell wall
• Mycolactone
• NMR spectroscopy
• Tuberculosis
• Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
• Investigative Techniques
• Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
• Medicine and Health Sciences
• Other Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Repository record dc:identifier

https://dc.uthsc.edu/dissertations/168

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dc.uthsc.edu:dissertations-1161