Abstract
dc:description.abstractChromosome changes in the haematological malignancies, lymphomas and sarcomas are known to be important events in the evolution of these tumours as they can, for example, form fusion oncogenes or disrupt tumour suppressor genes. The recently described recurrent fusion genes in prostate and lung cancer proved to be iconic examples as they indicated that important gene fusions are found in the common epithelial cancers also. Breast cancers often display extensive structural and numerical chromosome aberration and have among the most complex karyotyes of all cancers. Genome rearrangements are potentially an important source of mutation in breast cancer but little is known about how they might contribute to this disease. My first aim was to carry out a structural survey of breast cancer cell line genomes in order to find genes that were disrupted by chromosome aberrations in “typical” breast cancers. I investigated three breast cancer cell lines, HCC1187, VP229 and VP267 using data from array painting, SNP6 array CGH, molecular cytogenetics and massively parallel paired end sequencing. I then used these structural genomic maps to predict fusion transcripts and demonstrated expression of five fusion transcripts in HCC1187, three in VP229 and four in VP267. Even though chromosome aberrations disrupt and fuse many genes in individual breast cancers, a major unknown is the relative importance and timing of genome rearrangements compared to sequence-level mutation. For example, chromosome instability might arise early and be essential to tumour suppressor loss and fusion gene formation or be a late event contributing little to cancer development. To address this question, I considered the evolution of these highly rearranged breast cancer karyotypes. The VP229 and VP267 cell lines were derived from the same patient before and after therapy-resistant relapse, so any chromosome aberration found in both cell lines was probably found in the common in vivo ancestor of the two cell lines. A large majority of structural variants detected by massively parallel paired end sequencing, including three fusion transcripts, were found in both cell lines, and therefore, in the common ancestor. This probably means that the bulk of genome rearrangement pre-dated the relapse. For HCC1187, I classified most of its mutations as earlier or later according to whether they occurred before or after a landmark event in the evolution of the genome - endoreduplication (duplication of its entire genome). Genome rearrangements and sequence-level mutations were fairly evenly divided between earlier and later, implying that genetic instability was relatively constant throughout the evolution of the tumour. Surprisingly, the great majority of inactivating mutations and expressed gene fusions happened earlier. The non-random timing of these events suggests many were selected.
Degree
thesis:*- Name dc:type.qualificationname
- Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
- Level dc:type.qualificationlevel
- Doctoral
- Grantor dc:publisher.institution
- University of Cambridge
- Year dc:date.issued
- 2011
Author and committee
dc:creator, dc:contributor.*- Author dc:creator
-
- Newman, Scott
Subjects
dc:subject × 5Rights
dc:rightsIdentifiers
dc:identifier.*- DOI dc:identifier.doi
- https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.15939
- OAI identifier oai:identifier
- oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/239397