Regulation of Nutrient Metabolism in Equine Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue

Glucose and lipid metabolism are dysregulated in obese horses. Altered glucose metabolism is evidenced by the development of insulin resistance and increased fasting plasma insulin concentrations (hyperinsulinemia) while altered lipid metabolism is evidenced by increased plasma lipid concentrations. Obesity in horses also increases the risk of the painful hoof disease, laminitis. Three experiments were performed to investigate the regulation of nutrient metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of lean, healthy horses. Adipose tissue was found to be the primary lipogenic tissue of horses, with acetate being the primary lipogenic substrate. Secondly, ten, lean horses were used to investigate the effects of acute hyperinsulinemia on nutrient metabolism. Increasing plasma insulin concentrations to >1,000 mIU/L for six hours decreased transcript abundance of glucose transporters and the insulin receptor in adipose tissue, and decreased protein abundance of the insulin receptor in skeletal muscle, potentially indicating that hyperinsulinemia potentiates insulin resistance. Insulin infusion also reduced mRNA abundance of lipid transporters in adipose tissue while increasing them in skeletal muscle. The final experiment investigated the influence of the insulin-sensitizing drug, pioglitazone, and lipopolysaccharide, on nutrient metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and their association with insulin sensitivity. Pioglitazone treatment did not increase insulin sensitivity; however it did increase skeletal muscle transcript abundance of the insulin receptor and the non-insulin sensitive glucose transporter and adipose tissue protein abundance of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (GLUT4). Lipopolysaccharide decreased insulin sensitivity regardless of pioglitazone pre-treatment, which was associated with decreased transcript abundance of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of untreated horses, but not adipose tissue of pioglitazone treated horses.

Name thesis:degree_name

Ph. D.

Level thesis:degree_level

doctoral

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Animal and Poultry Sciences

Department dc:contributor.department

Animal and Poultry Sciences

Grantor dc:publisher

Virginia Tech

Year dc:date.issued

2010

Author dc:creator

• Suagee, Jessica Kanekakenre

Chairs dc:contributor.committeechair

• Corl, Benjamin A.
• Wong, Eric A.

Committee members dc:contributor.committeemember

• Hulver, Matthew W.
• Geor, Ray
• McCutcheon, L. Jill
• Crisman, Mark V.

• glucose
• Horses
• insulin
• laminitis
• Obesity

Statement dc:rights

• In Copyright

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

Dc Identifier Other

etd-11082010-104150

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/40294