Biological Activity of Phenolics in Chicks and Rats

Plant phenolic monomers and polymers were examined for their effects on various metabolic events in rats and poultry. Chicks fed 6% indulin (a Kraft wood lignin), 12% wood molasses (Masonex('(REGTM))) or 6 and 12% cane molasses all had increased cytochrome P-450 levels over control-fed birds. Chicks fed 6% indulin, with or without nebacitin (bacitracin:neomycin sulfate, 2:1) had higher cytochrome P-450 levels than did chicks fed 0% fiber diets, with or without nebacitin. Rats fed 6% indulin exhibited no difference in MFO activity vs. controls. Chicks fed 6 or 12% indulin had similar amounts of hepatic lipid compared with control-fed birds as did chicks fed 0.5% ferulic acid or 0.5% para-coumaric acid. Hepatic lipid, cytochrome b(,5), cytochrome P-450, serum estradiol, egg weight and egg specific gravity were similar for laying hens fed 6% indulin, 6% arenaceous flour or 0% fiber control diets. Rats fed 6 or 12% indulin had similar hepatic lipid levels compared with controls. Rats fed 0.5% vanillin, 0.5% vanillic acid, 0.5% ferulic acid or 0.5% para-coumaric acid had hepatic lipid levels similar to controls. However, 1% vanillin and 1% vanillic acid depressed lipid accumulation in rats compared to controls. Chicks fed 0.5% vanillin, 0.5% vanillic acid, 0.5% ferulic acid or 0.5% para-coumaric acid had comparable hepatic mixed-function oxidation enzyme levels compared with chicks fed no phenolics. Chicks fed 0.5% para-coumaric acid had lower rates of gain than did chicks fed control or other phenolic-containing diets. Rats fed these phenolics had similar cytochrome P-450 levels. Vanillin had no antioxidant activity when compared to alpha-tocopherol in tocopherol-stripped corn oil in vitro. Results of the previously described experiments suggest that complex plant phenolics do indeed play a role in animal metabolism via the cytochrome P-450 system. The exact phenolic(s) responsible for this induction was not elucidated. Rats do not appear to be affected by these complex phenolics which may be the result of differing isozymes or inherent differences in tolerance to plant xenobiotics compared to chicks.

Name thesis:degree_name

Ph.D.

Level thesis:degree_level

Dissertation

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Animal Sciences

Grantor

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Year dc:date

2014

Author dc:creator

• Allen, Susan E.

• Biology, Veterinary Science

Identifier

(UMI)AAI8502056

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/70018