The Effect of Consuming Either Dairy Milk, Plant-Based Protein Beverage, or Low-Protein Almond Beverage on Body Composition, Proximal Femur Geometry, and Muscular Strength in Adolescent Athletes

We examined the effect of consuming 500mL of either 1% chocolate dairy milk, plant-based protein beverage, and low-protein almond beverage three times per week for six months on body composition, muscular strength, and proximal femur geometry in adolescents participating in sports. Participants (n=112; 79 males, 33 females; 14.2±1.5y; 166.9±10.4cm; 60.7±17.8kg) were randomized into dairy milk (n=36), plant-based protein beverage (n=39), or low-protein almond-beverage (n=37) groups. Body composition and proximal femur geometry were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscular strength was assessed by predicted maximal strength in the hack-squat and barbell bench-press. A 3 x 2 x 2 (group x sex x time) ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare differences. Significance was accepted at p<.05. There were no group x time or group x sex x time interactions for body composition or muscular strength. Group x time interactions revealed greater increases in section modulus of the narrow part of the femoral neck (strength of bone in bending) in dairy milk and plant-based protein beverage groups compared to low protein almond-beverage (p<0.05) and greater increase in femoral shaft cortical thickness in the plant-based protein beverage group than the low-protein almond-beverage group (p<0.05). Group x sex x time interactions indicated females in the plant-based protein beverage group had smaller increase in narrow neck buckling ratio (susceptibility of bone to buckling under compression) than females in dairy milk and low-protein almond-beverage groups (p<0.05); males in the low-protein almond-beverage group increased inter-trochanteric subperiosteal width (predictive of increased fracture susceptibility) (p<0.05), and that inter-trochanteric section modulus (strength of bone in bending) increased in males in the plant-based protein beverage and low-protein almond-beverage groups (p<0.05). These findings highlight that dairy milk, and a protein-matched plant-based beverage have beneficial effects on geometric properties of bone at the hip compared to a low-protein almond-beverage and that there is no significant difference between beverage groups for body composition and muscular strength when protein intake is sufficient.

Name thesis:degree_name

Master of Science (M.Sc.)

Level thesis:degree_level

Masters

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Kinesiology

Grantor

University of Saskatchewan

Year dc:date.issued

2024

Author dc:creator

• Leonhardt, Taylor Patricia Marie

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Chilibeck, Phil D

Committee members dc:contributor.committeemember

• Zello, Gordon
• Erlandson Feltis, Marta
• Cochrane, Kelsey

• dairy
• plant-based
• body composition
• lean mass
• fat mass
• bone mineral content
• bone mineral density
• muscular strength
• proximal femur geometry
• dietary intake
• adolescent
• puberty
• athlete

Language dc:language.iso

en

Handle dc:identifier.uri

https://hdl.handle.net/10388/16326

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:harvest.usask.ca:10388/16326