{"id":{"repo_id":"sask","oai_identifier":"oai:harvest.usask.ca:10388/16326"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/sask/oai:harvest.usask.ca:10388/16326","repository":{"repo_id":"sask","name":"University of Saskatchewan","base_url":"https://harvest.usask.ca/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"The Effect of Consuming Either Dairy Milk, Plant-Based Protein Beverage, or Low-Protein Almond Beverage on Body Composition, Proximal Femur Geometry, and Muscular Strength in Adolescent Athletes","abstract":"We examined the effect of consuming 500mL of either 1% chocolate dairy milk, plant-based protein beverage, and low-protein almond beverage three times per week for six months on body composition, muscular strength, and proximal femur geometry in adolescents participating in sports. Participants (n=112; 79 males, 33 females; 14.2±1.5y; 166.9±10.4cm; 60.7±17.8kg) were randomized into dairy milk (n=36), plant-based protein beverage (n=39), or low-protein almond-beverage (n=37) groups. Body composition and proximal femur geometry were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscular strength was assessed by predicted maximal strength in the hack-squat and barbell bench-press. A 3 x 2 x 2 (group x sex x time) ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare differences. Significance was accepted at p<.05. There were no group x time or group x sex x time interactions for body composition or muscular strength. Group x time interactions revealed greater increases in section modulus of the narrow part of the femoral neck (strength of bone in bending) in dairy milk and plant-based protein beverage groups compared to low protein almond-beverage (p<0.05) and greater increase in femoral shaft cortical thickness in the plant-based protein beverage group than the low-protein almond-beverage group (p<0.05). Group x sex x time interactions indicated females in the plant-based protein beverage group had smaller increase in narrow neck buckling ratio (susceptibility of bone to buckling under compression) than females in dairy milk and low-protein almond-beverage groups (p<0.05); males in the low-protein almond-beverage group increased inter-trochanteric subperiosteal width (predictive of increased fracture susceptibility) (p<0.05), and that inter-trochanteric section modulus (strength of bone in bending) increased in males in the plant-based protein beverage and low-protein almond-beverage groups (p<0.05). These findings highlight that dairy milk, and a protein-matched plant-based beverage have beneficial effects on geometric properties of bone at the hip compared to a low-protein almond-beverage and that there is no significant difference between beverage groups for body composition and muscular strength when protein intake is sufficient.","abstract_html":"We examined the effect of consuming 500mL of either 1% chocolate dairy milk, plant-based protein beverage, and low-protein almond beverage three times per week for six months on body composition, muscular strength, and proximal femur geometry in adolescents participating in sports. Participants (n=112; 79 males, 33 females; 14.2±1.5y; 166.9±10.4cm; 60.7±17.8kg) were randomized into dairy milk (n=36), plant-based protein beverage (n=39), or low-protein almond-beverage (n=37) groups. Body composition and proximal femur geometry were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscular strength was assessed by predicted maximal strength in the hack-squat and barbell bench-press. A 3 x 2 x 2 (group x sex x time) ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare differences. Significance was accepted at p<.05. There were no group x time or group x sex x time interactions for body composition or muscular strength. Group x time interactions revealed greater increases in section modulus of the narrow part of the femoral neck (strength of bone in bending) in dairy milk and plant-based protein beverage groups compared to low protein almond-beverage (p<0.05) and greater increase in femoral shaft cortical thickness in the plant-based protein beverage group than the low-protein almond-beverage group (p<0.05). Group x sex x time interactions indicated females in the plant-based protein beverage group had smaller increase in narrow neck buckling ratio (susceptibility of bone to buckling under compression) than females in dairy milk and low-protein almond-beverage groups (p<0.05); males in the low-protein almond-beverage group increased inter-trochanteric subperiosteal width (predictive of increased fracture susceptibility) (p<0.05), and that inter-trochanteric section modulus (strength of bone in bending) increased in males in the plant-based protein beverage and low-protein almond-beverage groups (p<0.05). These findings highlight that dairy milk, and a protein-matched plant-based beverage have beneficial effects on geometric properties of bone at the hip compared to a low-protein almond-beverage and that there is no significant difference between beverage groups for body composition and muscular strength when protein intake is sufficient.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Leonhardt, Taylor Patricia Marie"],"institution":"University of Saskatchewan","degree_name":"Master of Science (M.Sc.)","degree_level":"Masters","degree_discipline":"Kinesiology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Chilibeck, Phil D"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":["Zello, Gordon","Erlandson Feltis, Marta","Cochrane, Kelsey"],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024-12-10","date_published":"2024-12-10","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:27:20Z","subjects":["dairy","plant-based","body composition","lean mass","fat mass","bone mineral content","bone mineral density","muscular strength","proximal femur geometry","dietary intake","adolescent","puberty","athlete"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10388/16326","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Chilibeck, Phil D"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Zello, Gordon","Erlandson Feltis, Marta","Cochrane, Kelsey"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Leonhardt, Taylor Patricia Marie"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2024-12-10T15:54:08Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-12-10T15:54:08Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2024-12-10"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Kinesiology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (M.Sc.)"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Saskatchewan"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["dairy","plant-based","body composition","lean mass","fat mass","bone mineral content","bone mineral density","muscular strength","proximal femur geometry","dietary intake","adolescent","puberty","athlete"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/10388/16326"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["We examined the effect of consuming 500mL of either 1% chocolate dairy milk, plant-based protein beverage, and low-protein almond beverage three times per week for six months on body composition, muscular strength, and proximal femur geometry in adolescents participating in sports. Participants (n=112; 79 males, 33 females; 14.2±1.5y; 166.9±10.4cm; 60.7±17.8kg) were randomized into dairy milk (n=36), plant-based protein beverage (n=39), or low-protein almond-beverage (n=37) groups. Body composition and proximal femur geometry were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscular strength was assessed by predicted maximal strength in the hack-squat and barbell bench-press. A 3 x 2 x 2 (group x sex x time) ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare differences. Significance was accepted at p<.05. There were no group x time or group x sex x time interactions for body composition or muscular strength. Group x time interactions revealed greater increases in section modulus of the narrow part of the femoral neck (strength of bone in bending) in dairy milk and plant-based protein beverage groups compared to low protein almond-beverage (p<0.05) and greater increase in femoral shaft cortical thickness in the plant-based protein beverage group than the low-protein almond-beverage group (p<0.05). Group x sex x time interactions indicated females in the plant-based protein beverage group had smaller increase in narrow neck buckling ratio (susceptibility of bone to buckling under compression) than females in dairy milk and low-protein almond-beverage groups (p<0.05); males in the low-protein almond-beverage group increased inter-trochanteric subperiosteal width (predictive of increased fracture susceptibility) (p<0.05), and that inter-trochanteric section modulus (strength of bone in bending) increased in males in the plant-based protein beverage and low-protein almond-beverage groups (p<0.05). These findings highlight that dairy milk, and a protein-matched plant-based beverage have beneficial effects on geometric properties of bone at the hip compared to a low-protein almond-beverage and that there is no significant difference between beverage groups for body composition and muscular strength when protein intake is sufficient."]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Effect of Consuming Either Dairy Milk, Plant-Based Protein Beverage, or Low-Protein Almond Beverage on Body Composition, Proximal Femur Geometry, and Muscular Strength in Adolescent Athletes"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Chilibeck, Phil D"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Zello, Gordon","Erlandson Feltis, Marta","Cochrane, Kelsey"],"dc:creator":["Leonhardt, Taylor Patricia Marie"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2024-12-10T15:54:08Z"],"dc:date.available":["2024-12-10T15:54:08Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2024-12-10"],"dc:description.abstract":["We examined the effect of consuming 500mL of either 1% chocolate dairy milk, plant-based protein beverage, and low-protein almond beverage three times per week for six months on body composition, muscular strength, and proximal femur geometry in adolescents participating in sports. Participants (n=112; 79 males, 33 females; 14.2±1.5y; 166.9±10.4cm; 60.7±17.8kg) were randomized into dairy milk (n=36), plant-based protein beverage (n=39), or low-protein almond-beverage (n=37) groups. Body composition and proximal femur geometry were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscular strength was assessed by predicted maximal strength in the hack-squat and barbell bench-press. A 3 x 2 x 2 (group x sex x time) ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare differences. Significance was accepted at p<.05. There were no group x time or group x sex x time interactions for body composition or muscular strength. Group x time interactions revealed greater increases in section modulus of the narrow part of the femoral neck (strength of bone in bending) in dairy milk and plant-based protein beverage groups compared to low protein almond-beverage (p<0.05) and greater increase in femoral shaft cortical thickness in the plant-based protein beverage group than the low-protein almond-beverage group (p<0.05). Group x sex x time interactions indicated females in the plant-based protein beverage group had smaller increase in narrow neck buckling ratio (susceptibility of bone to buckling under compression) than females in dairy milk and low-protein almond-beverage groups (p<0.05); males in the low-protein almond-beverage group increased inter-trochanteric subperiosteal width (predictive of increased fracture susceptibility) (p<0.05), and that inter-trochanteric section modulus (strength of bone in bending) increased in males in the plant-based protein beverage and low-protein almond-beverage groups (p<0.05). These findings highlight that dairy milk, and a protein-matched plant-based beverage have beneficial effects on geometric properties of bone at the hip compared to a low-protein almond-beverage and that there is no significant difference between beverage groups for body composition and muscular strength when protein intake is sufficient."],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/10388/16326"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:subject":["dairy","plant-based","body composition","lean mass","fat mass","bone mineral content","bone mineral density","muscular strength","proximal femur geometry","dietary intake","adolescent","puberty","athlete"],"dc:title":["The Effect of Consuming Either Dairy Milk, Plant-Based Protein Beverage, or Low-Protein Almond Beverage on Body Composition, Proximal Femur Geometry, and Muscular Strength in Adolescent Athletes"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Kinesiology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (M.Sc.)"],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Saskatchewan"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:27:20Z"}