Virginia Tech
Evaluation of Bromate Formation and Control using Preformed Monochloramine in Ozonation for Indirect Potable Reuse
Abstract
dc:description.abstractOzone is a powerful oxidant and disinfectant used in potable wastewater reuse to destroy specific harmful compounds, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine disrupting compounds. Ozonation also increases the biodegradability of recalcitrant organic compounds and inactivates disease-causing microbes. However, bromate, a regulated possible human carcinogen can form when bromide is present due to natural or industrial sources. Pilot-scale testing on wastewater treatment plant effluent with high bromide concentrations showed that the addition of preformed monochloramine could reduce bromate formation by as much as 97%. Monochloramine addition was able to keep concentrations below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 µg/L while exceeding 3-log or 99.9% virus removal credit. Preforming monochloramine in separate carrier water prior to addition upstream of ozonation eliminated the potential for disinfection byproduct formation when monochloramine is formed in the main water flow. This also allowed for the mechanisms of bromate suppression by monochloramine to be examined without the influence of reactions between chlorine and dissolved organic matter present. This research can help increase the application of ozonation in water reuse.
Degree
thesis:*- Name thesis:degree_name
- MS
- Level thesis:degree_level
- masters
- Discipline thesis:degree_discipline
- Civil Engineering
- Department dc:contributor.department
- Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Grantor dc:publisher
- Virginia Tech
- Year dc:date.issued
- 2018
Author and committee
dc:creator, dc:contributor.*- Author dc:creator
-
- Pearce, Robert Lindsay MacCormack
- Chairs dc:contributor.committeechair
-
- Pruden, Amy
- Bott, Charles B.
- Committee member dc:contributor.committeemember
-
- Knocke, William R.
Subjects
dc:subject × 4Rights
dc:rights- Statement dc:rights
-
- In Copyright
- Licence dc:rights.uri
Identifiers
dc:identifier.*- Dc Identifier Other
- vt_gsexam:17995
- OAI identifier oai:identifier
- oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/98773