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Showing 1 to 20 of 49 for “"Monochloramine"”.
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Inactivation of Coxackievirus B5 with monochloramine
The student, Eddalee Hochwalt Naumann, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2021-04-22 at 11:12.
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Inactivation of adenovirus serotype 41 with monochloramine
… some serotypes of HAdV are highly resistant to monochloramine, which is a commonly used disinfectant in drinking water facilities and distribution systems worldwide. At the same time, due to the difficulty of culturing enteric HAdV on common cell culture methods, the inactivation kinetics of …
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Kinetics and mechanisms of bacteriophage PR772 inactivation by monochloramine
… Protection Agency. HAdV is highly resistant to monochloramine, a common drinking water disinfectant used in the United States and other countries around the world. PR772 is believed to relate evolutionarily to HAdV, which makes PR772 a potential surrogate virus for HAdV. Previous research …
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Effects of Extracellular Polymeric Substance Composition on Bacteria Disinfection by Monochloramine
… (EPS) composition on bacteria disinfection by monochloramine was qualitatively determined using both wild-type and isogenic mutant Pseudomonas strains with different EPS secretion capacity and composition. In order to evaluate their EPS reactivity and contribution to susceptibility to …
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The inactivation of Coxsackievirus B5 with monochloramine for safe global water
… free chlorine, water utilities are switching to monochloramine as a secondary disinfectant to maintain a residual in distribution systems. Additionally, the use of free chlorine in waters contaminated with ammonia from animal and human waste, a commonality in developing regions with inadequate …
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Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Disinfection Byproduct Mixtures Formulated Using Free Chlorine and Monochloramine
… dosing protocols with free chlorine and monochloramine in the presence and absence of added bromide. DBPs were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantified with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Four trihalomethanes, three dihaloacetonitriles, …
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Evaluation of Bromate Formation and Control using Preformed Monochloramine in Ozonation for Indirect Potable Reuse
… showed that the addition of preformed monochloramine could reduce bromate formation by as much as 97%. Monochloramine addition was able to keep concentrations below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 µg/L while exceeding 3-log or 99.9% virus removal …
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Effect of bromide ion on the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in waters treated with monochloramine
… which is the major product in the reaction of monochloramine and bromide; and (iv) to obtain kinetic data for NDMA formation under various conditions and determine whether a correlation exists between NDMA formation and bromochloramine. NDMA formation was found to be enhanced in the presence of …
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Study on the formation of nitrogenous disinfection by products from the reaction between dichloroacetaldehyde and monochloramine
… (DCAM), from the reaction between monochloramine and dichloroacetaldehyde via the aldehyde reaction pathway. Initial reactants reacted quickly and reached equilibrium with carbinolamine 2,2-dichloro-1-(chloroamino)ethanol. Then, the carbinolamine underwent two parallel reactions …
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The Inactivation Kinetics of Cryptosporidium Parvum in Sequential Disinfection Treatment Strategies Using Ozone, Hypochlorous Acid and Monochloramine
… evidence that ozone, hypochlorous acid and monochloramine react with similar constituents in the oocyst wall. However, only ozone pretreatment resulted in rates of secondary inactivation enhancement that appear to be limited by a mass transfer process.
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Formation of (halo)acetamides and (halo)acetonitriles from the reaction of monochloramine and (halo)acetaldehydes in water
… might be more toxic than regulated DBPs. Monochloramine has been shown to react with aldehydes, common DBPs formed from ozone and free chlorine disinfection, to form carbinolamines that slowly dehydrate to imines which undergo fast decomposition to nitriles. It is also known that nitriles …
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The effect of free chlorine and monochloramine on lead in drinking water and epitaxial electrodeposition of tin sulfide
… free chlorine (in the form of HOCI/OCr) and monochloramine (NH₂Cl). In the second part of this study, epitaxial SnS nanodisks were electrodeposited onto a Au(100) substrate. Water utility systems use either free chlorine or monochloramine in their disinfection program. Whereas free chlorine …
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Evaluation of Triclosan Reactivity in Monochloraminated Waters
… the production of potable water is of interest. Monochloramine is used as an alternative disinfectant in drinking water treatment to minimize production of regulated disinfection by-products. This study examined the reactions between triclosan and monochloramine and involved analysis of …
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Kinetics and Mechanisms of Human Adenovirus 2 Inactivation With UV and Chlorine
… this threat. I therefore tested the efficacy of monochloramine for inactivating adenoviruses at numerous variations of pH and temperature. Relatedly, a biological investigation of the mechanisms of virus inactivation (by UV light and monochloramine) was undertaken. Subsequently, a test of …
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Changes in the structure of SW30HR RO membrane exposed to chloraminated seawater and synthetic solutions
… buffer, and standard seawater disinfected with monochloramine (NH2Cl) are investigated. Three types of experiments were performed: (1) exposure of RO membrane (active and support layers) to monochloramine (2, 20 and 200 mg/L as Cl2) and target proportional levels of iodide (0.06, 0.6 and 6 mg/L) …
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Structural effects of chloraminated seawater on the SW30HR reverse osmosis membrane
… RO membrane exposed to seawater disinfected with monochloramine. Batch experiments with RO membranes were conducted to determine the effect of secondary oxidizing agents formed from the reactions of monochloramine with bromide and iodide on membrane structure. Membrane coupons were exposed to …
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Role of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) on Biofilm Disinfection in a Model Drinking Water Distribution System
… both reacted rapidly with chlorine while monochloramine reacted specifically with proteins. The impact of biofilm EPS reactivity with disinfectants on disinfection efficacy was evaluated by monitoring planktonic bacteria viability, disinfectant decay, biofilm viability, biofilm structure, …
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The Effect of Chlorine and Chloramines on the Viability and Activity of Nitrifying Bacteria
… increased resistance to free chlorine and monochloramine during starvation to the same degree as E. coli. In addition, N. europaea cells were challenged with sequential treatments of monochloramine and hypochlorous acid to mimic the disinfectant switch employed by drinking water utilities. …
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Comparative study of the kinetics and mechanisms of adenovirus and bacteriophage PR772 inactivation by disinfectants used for global safe drinking water
… such as low-pressure ultraviolet light and monochloramine. The reason HAdV is so resistant to monochloramine yet so susceptible to free chlorine remains unknown. The main goal of this research was to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of HAdV serotype 2 (HAdV-2) inactivation by …
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Toxicological, physiological, and behavioral responses of the Asiatic clam, Corbicula sp., to biocidal and copper perturbations
… temperature shock with chlorination, monochloramine, and ammonia as control agents of the Asiatic clam, Corbicula sp. Control procedures were evaluated based on lethal and sublethal responses (e.g., glycogen, tissue water, dry weight index, and siphoning activity) of clams during …
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