Psychoneuroimmune Implications of Non-Infectious Neuroimmune System Activation and the Impact of Type 2 Diabetes

Sick individuals exhibit a variety of symptoms that include malaise, fatigue, nausea, fever, decreased food intake, decreased body weight and loss of interest in the physical and social environment. Commonly dismissed by clinicians as non-consequential side effects of infection, this brain-based response to innate immune system activation reflects a shift in an organism's motivational priorities to maximize immune efficiency in clearing the invading pathogen and facilitating recovery. However, in disease states that contain an element of chronic inflammation such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, these cytokine-mediated behavioral modifications may contribute to the deleterious psychological and physical components of the disease. Additionally, recent evidence has implicated innate immune system activation in the pathology of a variety of conditions including hypoxia and heat-related illness. This literature review focuses on the influence of cytokines on type 2 diabetes and associated complications, including the psychoneuroimmunological impact of acute cerebral hypoxia. Chapters 2 through 4 establish that (1) IGF-1 and vanadyl sulfate speeds recovery from lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroimmune system activation, while only vanadyl sulfate is effective in the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes, (2) acute hypoxia activates the IL-1beta arm of the neuroimmune system, which is exacerbated by type 2 diabetes, and (3) acute exposure to radiant heat activates the peripheral and neuroimmune systems. Taken together, these findings indicate that disease or environmental conditions are capable of inducing psychoneuroimmunological consequences, potentially contributing to the progression of disease or injury, of which individuals with type 2 diabetes are particularly susceptible. Importantly, these findings also demonstrate that IGF-1, vanadyl sulfate and IL-1 receptor antagonist is effective at mitigating the psychoneuroimmunological impact of neuroimmune system activation.

Name thesis:degree_name

Ph.D.

Level thesis:degree_level

Dissertation

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Animal Sciences

Grantor

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Year dc:date

2015

Author dc:creator

• Johnson, Daniel Robert

Contributors dc:contributor

• Freund, Gregory G.

• Psychology, Behavioral

Language dc:language

eng

Identifier

(MiAaPQ)AAI3301157

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/83608