Ideological differences in the use of social class categories to organize and understand society

Why do liberals and conservatives often fail to see eye-to-eye on social policies that seek to reduce economic inequality in the United States? I integrate a historical/cultural perspective with contemporary research on liberals’ and conservatives’ motivations to show that social policy disagreements result in part from a fundamental difference between how liberals and conservatives attempt to organize and understand a complex and ambiguous social world with social class categories. Specifically, I first investigated whether liberals and conservatives differ in their beliefs of social class as an organizing principle (SCOP) through which they understand the world (Study 1). In Study 2, I investigated whether liberals and conservatives differ in their SCOP beliefs because of differences in automatic or controlled cognitive processes. I found that liberals and conservative experience similar category activation of social class categories, but differ in how they deliberately use social class descriptors to describe social others. I then tested whether liberals’ and conservatives’ motivations explained ideological differences in SCOP beliefs (Study 3). In Study 4, I further investigated whether liberal-conservative differences in SCOP beliefs are motivationally driven by experimentally manipulating the relevance of the system in question. Finally, Study 5 investigated whether SCOP beliefs explained ideological differences in social policy attitudes that address inequality (Study 5). Overall, the present research suggests that liberals and conservatives may differ in their social policy attitudes because they construct different understandings of society based on social class.

Name thesis:degree_name

Ph.D.

Level thesis:degree_level

Dissertation

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Psychology

Grantor

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Year dc:date

2019

Author dc:creator

• Ondish, Peter

Contributors dc:contributor

• Stern, Chadly
• Cohen, Dov
• Albarracín, Dolores
• Fraley, Chris
• Cheng, Joey
• Baillargeon, Renée

• political ideology
• social class
• policy attitudes
• motivation

Statement dc:rights

• Copyright 2019 Peter Ondish

Language dc:language

en

Handle dc:identifier

http://hdl.handle.net/2142/105168

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/105168