Design of High-Resolution SAR ADC for Detection of Sub-Cortical Neuron Action Potentials for BMI Applications

The advancement of brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) requires neural signal acquisition systems that are capable of resolving both fast, low-amplitude action potentials (APs) and slow, higher-amplitude local field potentials (LFPs) under stringent power and area constraints. This thesis presents the design and simulation of a high-resolution, low-power successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) tailored for sub-cortical neural signal detection. To optimize dynamic range and reduce power consumption, a novel adaptive zoom-and-tracking architecture is introduced, enabling the ADC to dynamically adjust its reference window based on LFP trends while maintaining high-resolution capture of APs. The proposed system integrates a bootstrapped track-and-hold circuit, a differential capacitive DAC, and a strong-arm comparator in the analog front-end, alongside a digital FIR filter and SAR logic with zoom-range control in the digital domain. Simulations validate the functionality of each subsystem independently and in concert, demonstrating the system’s ability to dynamically isolate APs from LFP-dominated baselines while reducing analog power draw by over 60% compared to fixed-range ADCs. This work offers a promising approach for scalable, energy-efficient neural recording architectures suited to future BMI applications.

Name thesis:degree_name

Master

Department dc:contributor.department

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2025

Author dc:creator

• Guobadia, Omozusi E.

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Reiskarimian, Negar

Statement dc:rights

• In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
• Copyright retained by author(s)

Licence dc:rights.uri

• https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/

Handle dc:identifier.uri

https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/162713

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/162713