Inventory modeling for active pharmaceutical ingredient supply chains

Pharmaceutical companies traditionally manufactured drugs in-house, and have only recently been increasingly outsourcing production to contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs). In this work, we use inventory modeling to explore the trade-off between the attractive purchase price and the hidden costs of outsourcing for two active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) supply chains at AstraZeneca (AZ). We assess the inventory levels recommended by a base stock policy with deterministic purchase order lead times at each contracted stage of the supply chains. The single-echelon calculations reveal that safety stock levels are not systematically inflated at individual stages. The current inventory costs and service levels vary widely across products studied, as performance is hard to track over long periods of time and different inventory types. However, we demonstrate with a multi-echelon inventory optimization that a fully integrated API supply chain would yield savings compared to a purely external chain. Today, AZ's organizational processes allow it to partially coordinate with CMOs and capture up to 60 % of the value left on the table by not being able to optimize the full chain due to outsourcing. We propose using cost premium frontiers to prioritize further improvements at strategic outsourced nodes and align incentives. Partnering with CMOs to shorten lead times and increase flexibility is set to become a key advantage in a changing pharmaceutical environment with exacerbated volatility.

Name thesis:degree_name

Master

Department dc:contributor.department

Sloan School of Management

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2020

Author dc:creator

• Bazerghi, Audrey.

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Thomas Roemer and David Simchi-Levi.

• Sloan School of Management.
• Civil and Environmental Engineering.
• Leaders for Global Operations Program.

Statement dc:rights

• MIT theses may be protected by copyright. Please reuse MIT thesis content according to the MIT Libraries Permissions Policy, which is available through the URL provided.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/126946

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/126946