Integrin-targeted cancer immunotherapy

Integrins are a family of heterodimeric cell surface receptors that are functionally important for cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. Certain integrins, especially those that are known to recognize the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif, are heavily overexpressed in many cancers relative to healthy tissue, making them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. However, prior attempts to antagonize these integrins as a cancer therapy have all failed in the clinic. In this thesis, we instead exploit integrins as a target tumor antigen in the context of immunotherapy. The engineered cysteine knot peptide, 2.5F, is highly crossreactive and capable of recognizing multiple RGD-binding integrins. Our initial attempts to utilize this binder as a targeting moiety for delivering IL-2 as an immunocytokine failed. Mathematical modeling results indicated that immunocytokines, unless adhering to specific design criteria, are unlikely to benefit from targeting and may actually exhibit limited efficacy. Therefore, we "deconstructed" this immunocytokine into its functional parts: extended half-life IL-2 and 2.5F-Fc, the antibody-like construct directed against RGD-binding integrins. This combination immunotherapeutic approach was able to synergistically control tumor growth in three syngeneic murine models of cancer, including durable cures and development of immunological memory. Contrary to prior attempts at integrin-targeting, the mechanism of action was independent of functional integrin antagonism, including effects on angiogenesis and tumor proliferation. In fact, efficacy of this therapy depended solely upon the adaptive and innate arms of immunity, specifically CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Furthermore, checkpoint blockade, the gold standard for immunotherapy to date, can further enhance the efficacy of this therapeutic approach. This signifies that the combination of IL-2 and 2.5F-Fc exerts a distinct, yet complementary immune response that opens the door for clinical translation.

Department dc:contributor.department

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering.

Grantor dc:publisher

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Year dc:date.issued

2016

Author dc:creator

• Kwan, Byron H. (Byron Hua)

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• K. Dane Wittrup.

• Biological Engineering.

Statement dc:rights

• MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104220

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/104220