The Effects of Heart Rate and Pace Feedback on Swimming Performance

Although performance feedback has been shown to influence behavior across sport and exercise settings, limited research has evaluated the effects of different forms of real-time and concurrent feedback on swimming performance. The present study evaluated the effects of heart rate and pace feedback on swimming performance using wearable technology. Four adult swimmers participated in a single-case multiple-treatment reversal design comparing baseline, heart rate feedback, and pace feedback conditions. Sessions were conducted using the FORM Smart Swim 2 goggles, which provided real-time concurrent visual feedback during swim sessions and were used to measure average percentage of maximum heart rate and average swimming pace per 50 m. Visual analysis demonstrated improved swimming performance across participants relative to baseline, with pace feedback generally associated with the fastest swimming pace. Social validity outcomes indicated favorable participant perceptions of the intervention procedure and wearable feedback technology. Keywords: swimming, feedback, wearable technology, heart rate, pace, exercise performance

Name thesis:degree_name

M.A.

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Applied Behavioral Science

Grantor dc:publisher

University of Kansas

Year dc:date.issued

2026

Author dc:creator

• Pellicotte, Annalee Irene

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Kuhn, Robin

• exercise performance
• feedback
• heart rate
• pace
• swimming
• wearable technology

Language dc:language.iso

en

Dc Identifier Other

https://www.proquest.com/LegacyDocView/DISSNUM/32703238

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/39438