{"id":{"repo_id":"ku","oai_identifier":"oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/39438"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/ku/oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/39438","repository":{"repo_id":"ku","name":"University of Kansas","base_url":"https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"The Effects of Heart Rate and Pace Feedback on Swimming Performance","abstract":"Although performance feedback has been shown to influence behavior across sport and exercise settings, limited research has evaluated the effects of different forms of real-time and concurrent feedback on swimming performance. The present study evaluated the effects of heart rate and pace feedback on swimming performance using wearable technology. Four adult swimmers participated in a single-case multiple-treatment reversal design comparing baseline, heart rate feedback, and pace feedback conditions. Sessions were conducted using the FORM Smart Swim 2 goggles, which provided real-time concurrent visual feedback during swim sessions and were used to measure average percentage of maximum heart rate and average swimming pace per 50 m. Visual analysis demonstrated improved swimming performance across participants relative to baseline, with pace feedback generally associated with the fastest swimming pace. Social validity outcomes indicated favorable participant perceptions of the intervention procedure and wearable feedback technology. Keywords: swimming, feedback, wearable technology, heart rate, pace, exercise performance","abstract_html":"Although performance feedback has been shown to influence behavior across sport and exercise settings, limited research has evaluated the effects of different forms of real-time and concurrent feedback on swimming performance. The present study evaluated the effects of heart rate and pace feedback on swimming performance using wearable technology. Four adult swimmers participated in a single-case multiple-treatment reversal design comparing baseline, heart rate feedback, and pace feedback conditions. Sessions were conducted using the FORM Smart Swim 2 goggles, which provided real-time concurrent visual feedback during swim sessions and were used to measure average percentage of maximum heart rate and average swimming pace per 50 m. Visual analysis demonstrated improved swimming performance across participants relative to baseline, with pace feedback generally associated with the fastest swimming pace. Social validity outcomes indicated favorable participant perceptions of the intervention procedure and wearable feedback technology. Keywords: swimming, feedback, wearable technology, heart rate, pace, exercise performance","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Pellicotte, Annalee Irene"],"institution":"University of Kansas","degree_name":"M.A.","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Applied Behavioral Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Kuhn, Robin"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2026,"date_issued":"2026-05-31","date_published":"2026-05-31","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:44:44Z","subjects":["exercise performance","feedback","heart rate","pace","swimming","wearable technology"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["https://www.proquest.com/LegacyDocView/DISSNUM/32703238"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://www.proquest.com/LegacyDocView/DISSNUM/32703238","href":"https://www.proquest.com/LegacyDocView/DISSNUM/32703238","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1808/39438","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Kuhn, Robin"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Pellicotte, Annalee Irene"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2026-07-14T20:50:58Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2026-07-14T20:50:58Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2026-05-31"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of Kansas"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Applied Behavioral Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.A."]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["exercise performance","feedback","heart rate","pace","swimming","wearable technology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["https://www.proquest.com/LegacyDocView/DISSNUM/32703238"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/1808/39438"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Although performance feedback has been shown to influence behavior across sport and exercise settings, limited research has evaluated the effects of different forms of real-time and concurrent feedback on swimming performance. The present study evaluated the effects of heart rate and pace feedback on swimming performance using wearable technology. Four adult swimmers participated in a single-case multiple-treatment reversal design comparing baseline, heart rate feedback, and pace feedback conditions. Sessions were conducted using the FORM Smart Swim 2 goggles, which provided real-time concurrent visual feedback during swim sessions and were used to measure average percentage of maximum heart rate and average swimming pace per 50 m. Visual analysis demonstrated improved swimming performance across participants relative to baseline, with pace feedback generally associated with the fastest swimming pace. Social validity outcomes indicated favorable participant perceptions of the intervention procedure and wearable feedback technology. Keywords: swimming, feedback, wearable technology, heart rate, pace, exercise performance"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Effects of Heart Rate and Pace Feedback on Swimming Performance"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Kuhn, Robin"],"dc:creator":["Pellicotte, Annalee Irene"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2026-07-14T20:50:58Z"],"dc:date.available":["2026-07-14T20:50:58Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2026-05-31"],"dc:description.abstract":["Although performance feedback has been shown to influence behavior across sport and exercise settings, limited research has evaluated the effects of different forms of real-time and concurrent feedback on swimming performance. The present study evaluated the effects of heart rate and pace feedback on swimming performance using wearable technology. Four adult swimmers participated in a single-case multiple-treatment reversal design comparing baseline, heart rate feedback, and pace feedback conditions. Sessions were conducted using the FORM Smart Swim 2 goggles, which provided real-time concurrent visual feedback during swim sessions and were used to measure average percentage of maximum heart rate and average swimming pace per 50 m. Visual analysis demonstrated improved swimming performance across participants relative to baseline, with pace feedback generally associated with the fastest swimming pace. Social validity outcomes indicated favorable participant perceptions of the intervention procedure and wearable feedback technology. Keywords: swimming, feedback, wearable technology, heart rate, pace, exercise performance"],"dc:identifier.other":["https://www.proquest.com/LegacyDocView/DISSNUM/32703238"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/1808/39438"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["University of Kansas"],"dc:subject":["exercise performance","feedback","heart rate","pace","swimming","wearable technology"],"dc:title":["The Effects of Heart Rate and Pace Feedback on Swimming Performance"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Applied Behavioral Science"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.A."]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:44:44Z"}