"We are simply Filipinos" : gendered, sexual, and religious scripts in the making of the Philippine nation.

In 1898, the United States became a global empire and annexed the Philippine archipelago. To “prepare” Filipinos for eventual independence, American annexationists sought to engender among Filipinos specific scripts related to gender, sexuality, and religious practice. Central to these scripts was the notion that the patriarchal, heterosexual, nuclear family was key to the survival of the nation. Vices such as gambling, prostitution, and alcohol abuse also took on gendered dynamics as they posed a threat to this familial construct. Before annexation, Filipino revolutionaries were already exploring with notions of citizenship where the patriarchal, heterosexual family was foundational to the survival of the nation. Utilizing archival material left behind by Filipino revolutionaries and American Protestant missionaries, this project highlights that despite similarities between the gendered and sexual scripts they constructed, Filipino scripts remained irreconcilable to American missionaries because the latter were certain of their racial and religious superiority over the people of the Philippines.

Name thesis:degree_name

M.A.

Level thesis:degree_level

Masters

Grantor

Baylor University.

Year dc:date.issued

2025

Author dc:creator

• Ramos, Aaron, 2000-

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Jenkins, Philip, 1952-

• Philippine history.
• American history.
• Nineteenth century.
• Gender studies.
• Sexuality studies.
• Religious history.

Statement dc:rights

• Baylor University works are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. Contact libraryquestions@baylor.edu for inquiries about permission.

Language dc:language.iso

en

Handle dc:identifier.uri

https://hdl.handle.net/2104/13825

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:baylor-ir.tdl.org:2104/13825