{"id":{"repo_id":"baylor","oai_identifier":"oai:baylor-ir.tdl.org:2104/13825"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/baylor/oai:baylor-ir.tdl.org:2104/13825","repository":{"repo_id":"baylor","name":"Baylor University","base_url":"https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":""We are simply Filipinos" : gendered, sexual, and religious scripts in the making of the Philippine nation.","abstract":"In 1898, the United States became a global empire and annexed the Philippine archipelago. To “prepare” Filipinos for eventual independence, American annexationists sought to engender among Filipinos specific scripts related to gender, sexuality, and religious practice. Central to these scripts was the notion that the patriarchal, heterosexual, nuclear family was key to the survival of the nation. Vices such as gambling, prostitution, and alcohol abuse also took on gendered dynamics as they posed a threat to this familial construct. Before annexation, Filipino revolutionaries were already exploring with notions of citizenship where the patriarchal, heterosexual family was foundational to the survival of the nation. Utilizing archival material left behind by Filipino revolutionaries and American Protestant missionaries, this project highlights that despite similarities between the gendered and sexual scripts they constructed, Filipino scripts remained irreconcilable to American missionaries because the latter were certain of their racial and religious superiority over the people of the Philippines.","abstract_html":"In 1898, the United States became a global empire and annexed the Philippine archipelago. To “prepare” Filipinos for eventual independence, American annexationists sought to engender among Filipinos specific scripts related to gender, sexuality, and religious practice. Central to these scripts was the notion that the patriarchal, heterosexual, nuclear family was key to the survival of the nation. Vices such as gambling, prostitution, and alcohol abuse also took on gendered dynamics as they posed a threat to this familial construct. Before annexation, Filipino revolutionaries were already exploring with notions of citizenship where the patriarchal, heterosexual family was foundational to the survival of the nation. Utilizing archival material left behind by Filipino revolutionaries and American Protestant missionaries, this project highlights that despite similarities between the gendered and sexual scripts they constructed, Filipino scripts remained irreconcilable to American missionaries because the latter were certain of their racial and religious superiority over the people of the Philippines.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Ramos, Aaron, 2000-"],"institution":"Baylor University.","degree_name":"M.A.","degree_level":"Masters","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Jenkins, Philip, 1952-"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-05","date_published":"2025-05","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:07:58Z","subjects":["Philippine history.","American history.","Nineteenth century.","Gender studies.","Sexuality studies.","Religious history."],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Baylor University works are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. Contact libraryquestions@baylor.edu for inquiries about permission."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2104/13825","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Jenkins, Philip, 1952-"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Ramos, Aaron, 2000-"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2025-09-05T19:50:55Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2025-05"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.A."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Baylor University."]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Philippine history.","American history.","Nineteenth century.","Gender studies.","Sexuality studies.","Religious history."]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Baylor University works are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. Contact libraryquestions@baylor.edu for inquiries about permission."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2104/13825"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In 1898, the United States became a global empire and annexed the Philippine archipelago. To “prepare” Filipinos for eventual independence, American annexationists sought to engender among Filipinos specific scripts related to gender, sexuality, and religious practice. Central to these scripts was the notion that the patriarchal, heterosexual, nuclear family was key to the survival of the nation. Vices such as gambling, prostitution, and alcohol abuse also took on gendered dynamics as they posed a threat to this familial construct. Before annexation, Filipino revolutionaries were already exploring with notions of citizenship where the patriarchal, heterosexual family was foundational to the survival of the nation. Utilizing archival material left behind by Filipino revolutionaries and American Protestant missionaries, this project highlights that despite similarities between the gendered and sexual scripts they constructed, Filipino scripts remained irreconcilable to American missionaries because the latter were certain of their racial and religious superiority over the people of the Philippines."]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":[""We are simply Filipinos" : gendered, sexual, and religious scripts in the making of the Philippine nation."]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Jenkins, Philip, 1952-"],"dc:creator":["Ramos, Aaron, 2000-"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2025-09-05T19:50:55Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2025-05"],"dc:description.abstract":["In 1898, the United States became a global empire and annexed the Philippine archipelago. To “prepare” Filipinos for eventual independence, American annexationists sought to engender among Filipinos specific scripts related to gender, sexuality, and religious practice. Central to these scripts was the notion that the patriarchal, heterosexual, nuclear family was key to the survival of the nation. Vices such as gambling, prostitution, and alcohol abuse also took on gendered dynamics as they posed a threat to this familial construct. Before annexation, Filipino revolutionaries were already exploring with notions of citizenship where the patriarchal, heterosexual family was foundational to the survival of the nation. Utilizing archival material left behind by Filipino revolutionaries and American Protestant missionaries, this project highlights that despite similarities between the gendered and sexual scripts they constructed, Filipino scripts remained irreconcilable to American missionaries because the latter were certain of their racial and religious superiority over the people of the Philippines."],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/2104/13825"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:rights":["Baylor University works are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. Contact libraryquestions@baylor.edu for inquiries about permission."],"dc:subject":["Philippine history.","American history.","Nineteenth century.","Gender studies.","Sexuality studies.","Religious history."],"dc:title":[""We are simply Filipinos" : gendered, sexual, and religious scripts in the making of the Philippine nation."],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.A."],"thesis:institution_name":["Baylor University."]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:07:58Z"}