Perspectives of students and staff on the causes of underreporting of gender-based violence at a selected university
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a significant issue in higher education institutions (HEIs) globally, yet research on its prevalence on campuses remains limited. This gap has contributed to underreporting and inadequate responses from institutions. This study explored the factors behind GBV underreporting and proposed interventions to encourage victims to report. The research was guided by two theoretical perspectives: rational choice theory, which explains why victims may choose not to report, and the cultural acceptance of violence theory, which highlights how societal norms can normalise GBV and prevent victims from coming forward. A qualitative research approach was employed, using open-ended interviews and a focus group discussion to collect data from participants selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Thematic analysis revealed that intimidation was the leading factor contributing to underreporting, with victims fearing retaliation, disbelief, stigma, and the lack of trust in institutions. Additional factors included a lack of awareness of reporting procedures, financial dependence, and pervasive patriarchal norms. The consequences of underreporting affect both victims and institutions. Victims may experience mental health issues, poor academic performance, and isolation, while institutions risk reputational damage and perpetuate a culture of silence around GBV. To address these issues, the study recommended awareness campaigns, visible GBV offices, and anonymous reporting options. In conclusion, the research provides insights into the underreporting of GBV in HEIs and suggests practical interventions to create a safer, more supportive environment for students.
Gender based violence, Higher education, Violence against students.
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