{"id":{"repo_id":"zulu","oai_identifier":"oai:uzspace.unizulu.ac.za:10530/124"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/zulu/oai:uzspace.unizulu.ac.za:10530/124","repository":{"repo_id":"zulu","name":"University of Zululand","base_url":"https://uzspace.unizulu.ac.za/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Production of C, N and O fragments in the interaction of 12C with 12C at an incident energy of 200 MeV.","abstract":"The double differential cross sections of different isotopes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (0) emitted in the interaction of C with C at an incident energy of 200 MeV were measured in the angular range of 8- 45'. The high-energy part of the spectra was measured with a Si AE-E detector while the corresponding low energy part was measured with a Bragg Curve Detector (BCD). The standard AE-E technique was used for particle identification which allowed good separation of different isotopes of the emitted fragments with Z > 3. The BCD could only resolve charge of different fragments. Energy spectra of the isotopes of C, N, and O indicate that at forward angles (8' -20*), the high-energy part of the spectra is produced by transfer reactions of few neutrons or protons from the projectile to the target nucleus or vice versa. At lower emission energies pre-equilibrium emission is mainly governed by nucleon coalescence and further by evaporation. As the emission angle as well as the mass of the fragments increases the evaporation process dominates the spectra. The fragments heavier than 17O are almost entirely produced as evaporation residues.","abstract_html":"The double differential cross sections of different isotopes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (0) emitted in the interaction of C with C at an incident energy of 200 MeV were measured in the angular range of 8- 45'. The high-energy part of the spectra was measured with a Si AE-E detector while the corresponding low energy part was measured with a Bragg Curve Detector (BCD). The standard AE-E technique was used for particle identification which allowed good separation of different isotopes of the emitted fragments with Z > 3. The BCD could only resolve charge of different fragments. Energy spectra of the isotopes of C, N, and O indicate that at forward angles (8' -20*), the high-energy part of the spectra is produced by transfer reactions of few neutrons or protons from the projectile to the target nucleus or vice versa. At lower emission energies pre-equilibrium emission is mainly governed by nucleon coalescence and further by evaporation. As the emission angle as well as the mass of the fragments increases the evaporation process dominates the spectra. The fragments heavier than 17O are almost entirely produced as evaporation residues.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Dlamini, Mxolisi Justice"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Fortsch, S.V.","Ndwandwe, O.M."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2006,"date_issued":"2006","date_published":"2006","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:16:58Z","subjects":["Isotopes"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":["https://devspace.unizulu.ac.za/bitstreams/523bf717-787a-4162-be50-a9d245f64872/download"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Fortsch, S.V.","Ndwandwe, O.M."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Dlamini, Mxolisi Justice"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2006"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10530/124"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Isotopes"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["https://devspace.unizulu.ac.za/bitstreams/523bf717-787a-4162-be50-a9d245f64872/download"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://devspace.unizulu.ac.za/bitstreams/931f3588-dd67-4831-b1c0-e822f5f5ba6c/download"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The double differential cross sections of different isotopes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (0) emitted in the interaction of C with C at an incident energy of 200 MeV were measured in the angular range of 8- 45'. The high-energy part of the spectra was measured with a Si AE-E detector while the corresponding low energy part was measured with a Bragg Curve Detector (BCD). The standard AE-E technique was used for particle identification which allowed good separation of different isotopes of the emitted fragments with Z > 3. The BCD could only resolve charge of different fragments. Energy spectra of the isotopes of C, N, and O indicate that at forward angles (8' -20*), the high-energy part of the spectra is produced by transfer reactions of few neutrons or protons from the projectile to the target nucleus or vice versa. At lower emission energies pre-equilibrium emission is mainly governed by nucleon coalescence and further by evaporation. As the emission angle as well as the mass of the fragments increases the evaporation process dominates the spectra. The fragments heavier than 17O are almost entirely produced as evaporation residues."]},{"key":"dc:format.checksum.md5","label":"Dc Format Checksum Md5","values":["d2c4a2386d7445e62ced200fcfe77b66","03ad10325ff021893b1d579decde2316","a2f9d496453c5aebb458fb92d883612c"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Production of C, N and O fragments in the interaction of 12C with 12C at an incident energy of 200 MeV."]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Fortsch, S.V.","Ndwandwe, O.M."],"dc:creator":["Dlamini, Mxolisi Justice"],"dc:date.issued":["2006"],"dc:description.abstract":["The double differential cross sections of different isotopes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (0) emitted in the interaction of C with C at an incident energy of 200 MeV were measured in the angular range of 8- 45'. The high-energy part of the spectra was measured with a Si AE-E detector while the corresponding low energy part was measured with a Bragg Curve Detector (BCD). The standard AE-E technique was used for particle identification which allowed good separation of different isotopes of the emitted fragments with Z > 3. The BCD could only resolve charge of different fragments. Energy spectra of the isotopes of C, N, and O indicate that at forward angles (8' -20*), the high-energy part of the spectra is produced by transfer reactions of few neutrons or protons from the projectile to the target nucleus or vice versa. At lower emission energies pre-equilibrium emission is mainly governed by nucleon coalescence and further by evaporation. As the emission angle as well as the mass of the fragments increases the evaporation process dominates the spectra. 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