A study of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for selective recognition of kappa-casein: a breast cancer biomarker.
Kappa casein is extremely important in tumor immunology and plays a crucial role in the early detection of breast cancer. In this research, functionalized iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were used for selective recognition of kappa casein (kcn) a breast cancer biomarker. The Fe3O4 was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The particles were then coated with a polyacrylamide film which was subsequently functionalized using boric acid. Kappa-casein was attached to the nanoparticles via the surface hydroxyl group introduced. The surface imprinting was carried out using aniline polymerization in the presence of the functionalized nanoparticles with kcn attachments. Characterization of the magnetic nanoparticles was done using Uv/Vis Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The FT-IR spectra of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles showed the absorption bands at 558.64 cm-1 assigned to Fe-O stretching mode attributed to the typical stretching vibration of Fe-O in Fe3O4. The peak at 1660 cm-1 was due to the vibrations of C=O and N-H in acrylamide; hence polyacrylamide was loaded on Fe3O4 NPs. Carboxylate groups in kcn were observed around 1650 cm−1 and 1100 cm-1.X-ray diffraction results indicated that the nanoparticles were highly crystalline materials with an average crystallite size of 78 nm. The Atomic Force Microscope was used for morphological characterization, which revealed that the nanoparticles prepared were spherical with an average size of 40.2 nm, 88 nm, and 120 nm for Fe3O4 NPs, magnetic nanoparticles no-imprinted polymers (Fe3O4@PAM@BA/NIPs), and magnetic nanoparticles molecularly imprinted polymers (Fe3O4@PAM@BA/MIPs) respectively The high correlation coefficients of the functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PAM@BA/MIPs) and (Fe3O4@PAM@BA/NIPs) were R2=0.99909 and 0.894426 respectively) which indicated that the experimental rebinding equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity ( m Q ) of Fe3O4@PAM@BA/MIPs (0.509 mg/g) was nearly 2.94 times higher than 0.173 mg/g of Fe3O4@PAM@BA/NIPs. The method developed in detecting breast cancer was achieved with a low limit of 15 ng/mL, which is lower than other methods. However, there is a need to develop it into a real matrix. The present work demonstrated that functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles could be used to detect kappacasein as a Kappa casein is extremely important in tumor immunology and plays a crucial role in the early detection of breast cancer. In this research, functionalized iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were used for selective recognition of kappa casein (kcn) a breast cancer biomarker. The Fe3O4 was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The particles were then coated with a polyacrylamide film which was subsequently functionalized using boric acid. Kappa-casein was attached to the nanoparticles via the surface hydroxyl group introduced. The surface imprinting was carried out using aniline polymerization in the presence of the functionalized nanoparticles with kcn attachments. Characterization of the magnetic nanoparticles was done using Uv/Vis Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The FT-IR spectra of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles showed the absorption bands at 558.64 cm-1 assigned to Fe-O stretching mode attributed to the typical stretching vibration of Fe-O in Fe3O4. The peak at 1660 cm-1 was due to the vibrations of C=O and N-H in acrylamide; hence polyacrylamide was loaded on Fe3O4 NPs. Carboxylate groups in kcn were observed around 1650 cm−1 and 1100 cm-1.X-ray diffraction results indicated that the nanoparticles were highly crystalline materials with an average crystallite size of 78 nm. The Atomic Force Microscope was used for morphological characterization, which revealed that the nanoparticles prepared were spherical with an average size of 40.2 nm, 88 nm, and 120 nm for Fe3O4 NPs, magnetic nanoparticles no-imprinted polymers (Fe3O4@PAM@BA/NIPs), and magnetic nanoparticles molecularly imprinted polymers (Fe3O4@PAM@BA/MIPs) respectively The high correlation coefficients of the functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PAM@BA/MIPs) and (Fe3O4@PAM@BA/NIPs) were R2=0.99909 and 0.894426 respectively) which indicated that the experimental rebinding equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity ( m Q ) of Fe3O4@PAM@BA/MIPs (0.509 mg/g) was nearly 2.94 times higher than 0.173 mg/g of Fe3O4@PAM@BA/NIPs. The method developed in detecting breast cancer was achieved with a low limit of 15 ng/mL, which is lower than other methods. However, there is a need to develop it into a real matrix. The present work demonstrated that functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles could be used to detect kappacasein as a breast cancer biomarker..
Tumors--Immunological aspects--Congresses., Cancer--Immunotherapy--Congresses., Tumor immunology., Cancer--Immunotherapy., Early detection of breast cancer., Breast cancer research.
Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations