Low Reynolds Number Settling of Cylindrical Rods with Various Geometries in a Quiescent Fluid
type: CreativeWork
description: This dissertation is motivated by the atmospheric transport of microplastic fibres, a growing environmental concern. The atmosphere is recognized as a major pathway for the long-range transport of microfibres. However, many atmospheric simulations simplify fibre geometry, often representing them as volume-equivalent spheres or straight cylinders, despite the more complex shapes observed in microfibre samples from atmospheric deposits. This research aims to enhance our understanding of the settling behavior of curved, V-shaped, U-shaped, and S-shaped cylindrical rods within the Reynolds number and aspect ratio range associated with the atmospheric transport of microfibres. A series of experiments were conducted using millimeter-scale metal rods with aspect ratios ranging from 10 to 120, settling in a quiescent water-glycerin chamber to replicate Reynolds numbers below 7. A stereo-PTV system was employed, with two side cameras tracking terminal settling velocities and orientations, while a bottom camera captured potential spinning motions. Using a three-dimensional calibration algorithm, the terminal velocities and orientations of the rods were determined in real-life space. Results demonstrate that curved and V-shaped rods settle faster than straight rods of the same dimensions, with V-shaped rods settling only slightly faster than curved rods of equivalent projected length. U-shaped rods exhibit a transition in orientation from vertical to oblique above a critical Reynolds number or below a critical middle arm length ratio. They consistently settle faster than straight rods because of their non-zero inclination angle. Furthermore, their terminal velocity either peaks at a specific aspect ratio or remains constant due to a trade-off between side arm length and rod inclination. S-shaped rods exhibit spinning motions at a constant rate while settling at the same velocity as the straight rods of identical dimensions. Their spinning rate peaks at an intermediate middle a…
abstract: This dissertation is motivated by the atmospheric transport of microplastic fibres, a growing environmental concern. The atmosphere is recognized as a major pathway for the long-range transport of microfibres. However, many atmospheric simulations simplify fibre geometry, often representing them as volume-equivalent spheres or straight cylinders, despite the more complex shapes observed in microfibre samples from atmospheric deposits. This research aims to enhance our understanding of the settling behavior of curved, V-shaped, U-shaped, and S-shaped cylindrical rods within the Reynolds number and aspect ratio range associated with the atmospheric transport of microfibres. A series of experiments were conducted using millimeter-scale metal rods with aspect ratios ranging from 10 to 120, settling in a quiescent water-glycerin chamber to replicate Reynolds numbers below 7. A stereo-PTV system was employed, with two side cameras tracking terminal settling velocities and orientations, while a bottom camera captured potential spinning motions. Using a three-dimensional calibration algorithm, the terminal velocities and orientations of the rods were determined in real-life space. Results demonstrate that curved and V-shaped rods settle faster than straight rods of the same dimensions, with V-shaped rods settling only slightly faster than curved rods of equivalent projected length. U-shaped rods exhibit a transition in orientation from vertical to oblique above a critical Reynolds number or below a critical middle arm length ratio. They consistently settle faster than straight rods because of their non-zero inclination angle. Furthermore, their terminal velocity either peaks at a specific aspect ratio or remains constant due to a trade-off between side arm length and rod inclination. S-shaped rods exhibit spinning motions at a constant rate while settling at the same velocity as the straight rods of identical dimensions. Their spinning rate peaks at an intermediate middle a…
author: Hamidi, Amirhossein
language: en
keywords: Mechanical engineering
date published: 2025-11-11
date modified: 2026-07-24T06:34:05Z
provider: York University
publisher: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
type: WebPage
source organization: York University

PropertyValue
property ID: Handle
value: https://hdl.handle.net/10315/43285