{"id":{"repo_id":"wvu","oai_identifier":"oai:researchrepository.wvu.edu:etd-2420"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/wvu/oai:researchrepository.wvu.edu:etd-2420","repository":{"repo_id":"wvu","name":"West Virginia University","base_url":"https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Functional profiles of growth-related genes during embryogenesis and postnatal development of chicken and mouse skeletal muscle","abstract":"Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to measure myostatin, follistatin, activin-B gene expressions during chicken embryonic development. Strong myostatin expression was found in the early chicken embryos (E 0, E 1) and the developmental expression pattern of myostatin mRNA coincided with the periods of primary and secondary muscle fiber formation. Follistatin transcripts followed a linear expression pattern from E 0 to E 20, while activin-B had a quadratic pattern. The ontogeny of myostatin gene expression was nearly identical in satellite cells isolated from pectoralis major (PM) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles of chicken. Activin-B mRNA level in PM satellite cells was higher than in BF satellite cells at 72 h and 120 h (P < 0.01). IGF-II mRNA level plateaued in PM satellite cells by 48 h after plating (P < 0.05), and remained elevated until 144 h of culture. In ovo administration of rhIGF-I at E 3 shifted myostatin, follistatin, activin-B, and TGF-(32 gene expressions during chicken embryonic development. For example, myostatin mRNA from pectoralis muscles of rhIGF-I injected embryos increased on E 10 (&sim;2.5 fold) and remained high through E 13, whereas mRNA from control pectoralis muscles increased at E 9 and remained high until E 12. IGF-I, -II and IGF receptor-I mRNA and protein levels were determined in a wide variety of myostatin knockout mice tissues. IGF-I mRNA levels were not different between control and knockout mice tissues, whereas levels for IGF-II were significantly higher in myostatin knockout mice kidney and soleus muscles than that of control mice (P < 0.01). IGF-Receptor-I mRNA levels from control mice heart (P < 0.05) and kidney (P < 0.01) were significantly higher than that of myostatin knockout mice, while levels were lower in control mice pectoralis muscle than that of knockout mice (P < 0.01). The strongly IGF-II positive cells were more common in myostatin knockout mice and were seen in a few foci in control mice, while no consistent differences in IGF-II immunoreactivity were detected between the two groups of mice kidneys.","abstract_html":"Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to measure myostatin, follistatin, activin-B gene expressions during chicken embryonic development. Strong myostatin expression was found in the early chicken embryos (E 0, E 1) and the developmental expression pattern of myostatin mRNA coincided with the periods of primary and secondary muscle fiber formation. Follistatin transcripts followed a linear expression pattern from E 0 to E 20, while activin-B had a quadratic pattern. The ontogeny of myostatin gene expression was nearly identical in satellite cells isolated from pectoralis major (PM) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles of chicken. Activin-B mRNA level in PM satellite cells was higher than in BF satellite cells at 72 h and 120 h (P &lt; 0.01). IGF-II mRNA level plateaued in PM satellite cells by 48 h after plating (P &lt; 0.05), and remained elevated until 144 h of culture. In ovo administration of rhIGF-I at E 3 shifted myostatin, follistatin, activin-B, and TGF-(32 gene expressions during chicken embryonic development. For example, myostatin mRNA from pectoralis muscles of rhIGF-I injected embryos increased on E 10 (&amp;sim;2.5 fold) and remained high through E 13, whereas mRNA from control pectoralis muscles increased at E 9 and remained high until E 12. IGF-I, -II and IGF receptor-I mRNA and protein levels were determined in a wide variety of myostatin knockout mice tissues. IGF-I mRNA levels were not different between control and knockout mice tissues, whereas levels for IGF-II were significantly higher in myostatin knockout mice kidney and soleus muscles than that of control mice (P &lt; 0.01). IGF-Receptor-I mRNA levels from control mice heart (P &lt; 0.05) and kidney (P &lt; 0.01) were significantly higher than that of myostatin knockout mice, while levels were lower in control mice pectoralis muscle than that of knockout mice (P &lt; 0.01). The strongly IGF-II positive cells were more common in myostatin knockout mice and were seen in a few foci in control mice, while no consistent differences in IGF-II immunoreactivity were detected between the two groups of mice kidneys.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kocamis, Hakan"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"PhD","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Animal and Nutritional Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["John Killefer."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2001,"date_issued":"2001-08-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2001-08-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:15:40Z","subjects":["Animal sciences","Animal diseases","Animal Physiology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/1417"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/1417","href":"https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/1417","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.1417","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["John Killefer."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kocamis, Hakan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-01-17T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Animal and Nutritional Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["PhD"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Animal sciences","Animal diseases","Animal Physiology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.1417","https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/1417"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to measure myostatin, follistatin, activin-B gene expressions during chicken embryonic development. Strong myostatin expression was found in the early chicken embryos (E 0, E 1) and the developmental expression pattern of myostatin mRNA coincided with the periods of primary and secondary muscle fiber formation. Follistatin transcripts followed a linear expression pattern from E 0 to E 20, while activin-B had a quadratic pattern. The ontogeny of myostatin gene expression was nearly identical in satellite cells isolated from pectoralis major (PM) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles of chicken. Activin-B mRNA level in PM satellite cells was higher than in BF satellite cells at 72 h and 120 h (P < 0.01). IGF-II mRNA level plateaued in PM satellite cells by 48 h after plating (P < 0.05), and remained elevated until 144 h of culture. In ovo administration of rhIGF-I at E 3 shifted myostatin, follistatin, activin-B, and TGF-(32 gene expressions during chicken embryonic development. For example, myostatin mRNA from pectoralis muscles of rhIGF-I injected embryos increased on E 10 (&sim;2.5 fold) and remained high through E 13, whereas mRNA from control pectoralis muscles increased at E 9 and remained high until E 12. IGF-I, -II and IGF receptor-I mRNA and protein levels were determined in a wide variety of myostatin knockout mice tissues. IGF-I mRNA levels were not different between control and knockout mice tissues, whereas levels for IGF-II were significantly higher in myostatin knockout mice kidney and soleus muscles than that of control mice (P < 0.01). IGF-Receptor-I mRNA levels from control mice heart (P < 0.05) and kidney (P < 0.01) were significantly higher than that of myostatin knockout mice, while levels were lower in control mice pectoralis muscle than that of knockout mice (P < 0.01). The strongly IGF-II positive cells were more common in myostatin knockout mice and were seen in a few foci in control mice, while no consistent differences in IGF-II immunoreactivity were detected between the two groups of mice kidneys."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Functional profiles of growth-related genes during embryogenesis and postnatal development of chicken and mouse skeletal muscle"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["John Killefer."],"dc:creator":["Kocamis, Hakan"],"dc:date.available":["2019-01-17T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to measure myostatin, follistatin, activin-B gene expressions during chicken embryonic development. Strong myostatin expression was found in the early chicken embryos (E 0, E 1) and the developmental expression pattern of myostatin mRNA coincided with the periods of primary and secondary muscle fiber formation. Follistatin transcripts followed a linear expression pattern from E 0 to E 20, while activin-B had a quadratic pattern. The ontogeny of myostatin gene expression was nearly identical in satellite cells isolated from pectoralis major (PM) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles of chicken. Activin-B mRNA level in PM satellite cells was higher than in BF satellite cells at 72 h and 120 h (P < 0.01). IGF-II mRNA level plateaued in PM satellite cells by 48 h after plating (P < 0.05), and remained elevated until 144 h of culture. In ovo administration of rhIGF-I at E 3 shifted myostatin, follistatin, activin-B, and TGF-(32 gene expressions during chicken embryonic development. For example, myostatin mRNA from pectoralis muscles of rhIGF-I injected embryos increased on E 10 (&sim;2.5 fold) and remained high through E 13, whereas mRNA from control pectoralis muscles increased at E 9 and remained high until E 12. IGF-I, -II and IGF receptor-I mRNA and protein levels were determined in a wide variety of myostatin knockout mice tissues. IGF-I mRNA levels were not different between control and knockout mice tissues, whereas levels for IGF-II were significantly higher in myostatin knockout mice kidney and soleus muscles than that of control mice (P < 0.01). IGF-Receptor-I mRNA levels from control mice heart (P < 0.05) and kidney (P < 0.01) were significantly higher than that of myostatin knockout mice, while levels were lower in control mice pectoralis muscle than that of knockout mice (P < 0.01). The strongly IGF-II positive cells were more common in myostatin knockout mice and were seen in a few foci in control mice, while no consistent differences in IGF-II immunoreactivity were detected between the two groups of mice kidneys."],"dc:identifier":["https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.1417","https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/1417"],"dc:subject":["Animal sciences","Animal diseases","Animal Physiology"],"dc:title":["Functional profiles of growth-related genes during embryogenesis and postnatal development of chicken and mouse skeletal muscle"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Animal and Nutritional Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["PhD"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:15:40Z"}