{"id":{"repo_id":"wvu","oai_identifier":"oai:researchrepository.wvu.edu:etd-2036"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/wvu/oai:researchrepository.wvu.edu:etd-2036","repository":{"repo_id":"wvu","name":"West Virginia University","base_url":"https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Effects of fermenten during the dry and early lactation periods of dairy cows","abstract":"Fermenten is a commercially available by-product of lysine production recommended by the manufacturer (Biovance Technologies Inc., Omaha, NE) as a protein source for growing heifers and lactating cows. It has not been used in the diets of dry cows within 4 weeks of parturition. Three groups of 10 cows each, balanced for breed (Ayrshire and Holstein) and parity, were assigned to diets containing 0, 0.73 and 1.45 kg Fermenten dry matter/day. The diets were fed from 4 weeks prior to expected calving through 6 weeks of lactation. Dry matter intake of all diets decreased prior to calving, with the treatments significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control diet. Decline in intake between wk 2 and wk 1 prepartum was 3.6%, 20.4% and 15.8% for the control, low and high Fermenten diets, respectively. Postpartum nutrient intakes increased for all diets with treatments significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control at week one and marginally lower (P < 0.10) for weeks 2 through 6. Intake of NDF was below 1% of body weight up to 4 weeks postpartum for all groups. Milk yield was significantly (P < 0.05) depressed by Fermenten (6.50 and 5.95 kg/d for low and high levels, respectively). Milk fat and protein percentages were not affected by diets. Body weight and body condition score at calving were significantly decreased by Fermenten (P < 0.05). Fermenten contains anionic salts, and was found to reduce urine pH. Cows fed Fermenten had a higher incidence of metabolic disorders. Based on these results, Fermenten is not recommended in the diets of close-up dry cows.","abstract_html":"Fermenten is a commercially available by-product of lysine production recommended by the manufacturer (Biovance Technologies Inc., Omaha, NE) as a protein source for growing heifers and lactating cows. It has not been used in the diets of dry cows within 4 weeks of parturition. Three groups of 10 cows each, balanced for breed (Ayrshire and Holstein) and parity, were assigned to diets containing 0, 0.73 and 1.45 kg Fermenten dry matter/day. The diets were fed from 4 weeks prior to expected calving through 6 weeks of lactation. Dry matter intake of all diets decreased prior to calving, with the treatments significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower than the control diet. Decline in intake between wk 2 and wk 1 prepartum was 3.6%, 20.4% and 15.8% for the control, low and high Fermenten diets, respectively. Postpartum nutrient intakes increased for all diets with treatments significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower than the control at week one and marginally lower (P &lt; 0.10) for weeks 2 through 6. Intake of NDF was below 1% of body weight up to 4 weeks postpartum for all groups. Milk yield was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) depressed by Fermenten (6.50 and 5.95 kg/d for low and high levels, respectively). Milk fat and protein percentages were not affected by diets. Body weight and body condition score at calving were significantly decreased by Fermenten (P &lt; 0.05). Fermenten contains anionic salts, and was found to reduce urine pH. Cows fed Fermenten had a higher incidence of metabolic disorders. Based on these results, Fermenten is not recommended in the diets of close-up dry cows.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Mang'oli, Wellington Sifuna"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"MS","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Animal and Nutritional Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["W. H. Hoover."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1999,"date_issued":"1999-05-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"1999-05-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:15:16Z","subjects":["Animal sciences","Veterinary science"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/1033"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/1033","href":"https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/1033","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.1033","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["W. H. 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It has not been used in the diets of dry cows within 4 weeks of parturition. Three groups of 10 cows each, balanced for breed (Ayrshire and Holstein) and parity, were assigned to diets containing 0, 0.73 and 1.45 kg Fermenten dry matter/day. The diets were fed from 4 weeks prior to expected calving through 6 weeks of lactation. Dry matter intake of all diets decreased prior to calving, with the treatments significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control diet. Decline in intake between wk 2 and wk 1 prepartum was 3.6%, 20.4% and 15.8% for the control, low and high Fermenten diets, respectively. Postpartum nutrient intakes increased for all diets with treatments significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control at week one and marginally lower (P < 0.10) for weeks 2 through 6. Intake of NDF was below 1% of body weight up to 4 weeks postpartum for all groups. Milk yield was significantly (P < 0.05) depressed by Fermenten (6.50 and 5.95 kg/d for low and high levels, respectively). Milk fat and protein percentages were not affected by diets. Body weight and body condition score at calving were significantly decreased by Fermenten (P < 0.05). Fermenten contains anionic salts, and was found to reduce urine pH. Cows fed Fermenten had a higher incidence of metabolic disorders. Based on these results, Fermenten is not recommended in the diets of close-up dry cows."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effects of fermenten during the dry and early lactation periods of dairy cows"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["W. H. Hoover."],"dc:creator":["Mang'oli, Wellington Sifuna"],"dc:date.available":["2019-01-17T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Fermenten is a commercially available by-product of lysine production recommended by the manufacturer (Biovance Technologies Inc., Omaha, NE) as a protein source for growing heifers and lactating cows. It has not been used in the diets of dry cows within 4 weeks of parturition. Three groups of 10 cows each, balanced for breed (Ayrshire and Holstein) and parity, were assigned to diets containing 0, 0.73 and 1.45 kg Fermenten dry matter/day. The diets were fed from 4 weeks prior to expected calving through 6 weeks of lactation. Dry matter intake of all diets decreased prior to calving, with the treatments significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control diet. Decline in intake between wk 2 and wk 1 prepartum was 3.6%, 20.4% and 15.8% for the control, low and high Fermenten diets, respectively. Postpartum nutrient intakes increased for all diets with treatments significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control at week one and marginally lower (P < 0.10) for weeks 2 through 6. Intake of NDF was below 1% of body weight up to 4 weeks postpartum for all groups. Milk yield was significantly (P < 0.05) depressed by Fermenten (6.50 and 5.95 kg/d for low and high levels, respectively). Milk fat and protein percentages were not affected by diets. Body weight and body condition score at calving were significantly decreased by Fermenten (P < 0.05). Fermenten contains anionic salts, and was found to reduce urine pH. Cows fed Fermenten had a higher incidence of metabolic disorders. Based on these results, Fermenten is not recommended in the diets of close-up dry cows."],"dc:identifier":["https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.1033","https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/1033"],"dc:subject":["Animal sciences","Veterinary science"],"dc:title":["Effects of fermenten during the dry and early lactation periods of dairy cows"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Animal and Nutritional Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["MS"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:15:16Z"}