{"id":{"repo_id":"wvu","oai_identifier":"oai:researchrepository.wvu.edu:etd-1620"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/wvu/oai:researchrepository.wvu.edu:etd-1620","repository":{"repo_id":"wvu","name":"West Virginia University","base_url":"https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Comparing Student Stage of Reflective Judgment between Junior and Senior Academic Standing","abstract":"This study investigated reflective judgment scores of students enrolled in business-related programs of study with junior and senior academic standing from institutions of higher education accredited by the Council of Higher Education in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States during Fall 2011, Spring 2012 and Summer 2012 semesters. Data were collected from students using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. Student reflective judgment scores were determined by employing the Reasoning about Critical Issues (RCI) questionnaire, a proprietary instrument. Eighty-seven students completed all components of the questionnaire to enable a reflective judgment score to be determined. On average, senior respondents in this study experienced higher RCI scores (M = 4.807, SE = 0.120) than junior respondents (M = 4.642, SE = 0.213), although this difference was not statistically significant (t = -0.725; df = 85; p = .107) and represented a small degree of association (r = 0.012). The scores of both junior and senior students were positioned in stage four of reflective judgment with a mean score equaling 4.807 for seniors and 4.642 for juniors; stage four thinking in the Reflective Judgment Model is categorized as quasi-reflective thinking.","abstract_html":"This study investigated reflective judgment scores of students enrolled in business-related programs of study with junior and senior academic standing from institutions of higher education accredited by the Council of Higher Education in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States during Fall 2011, Spring 2012 and Summer 2012 semesters. Data were collected from students using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. Student reflective judgment scores were determined by employing the Reasoning about Critical Issues (RCI) questionnaire, a proprietary instrument. Eighty-seven students completed all components of the questionnaire to enable a reflective judgment score to be determined. On average, senior respondents in this study experienced higher RCI scores (M = 4.807, SE = 0.120) than junior respondents (M = 4.642, SE = 0.213), although this difference was not statistically significant (t = -0.725; df = 85; p = .107) and represented a small degree of association (r = 0.012). The scores of both junior and senior students were positioned in stage four of reflective judgment with a mean score equaling 4.807 for seniors and 4.642 for juniors; stage four thinking in the Reflective Judgment Model is categorized as quasi-reflective thinking.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Miller, Randall C."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"EdD","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Curriculum & Instruction/Literacy Studies","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Sebastian Diaz","Ted Price","Steve Robinson","Andrea Weber","Pamela Whitehouse"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2012,"date_issued":"2012-12-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2012-12-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:14:46Z","subjects":["Educational leadership","Higher education administration"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/617"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/617","href":"https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/617","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.617","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Sebastian Diaz","Ted Price","Steve Robinson","Andrea Weber","Pamela Whitehouse"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Miller, Randall C."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-01-17T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Curriculum & Instruction/Literacy Studies"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["EdD"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Educational leadership","Higher education administration"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.617","https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/617"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This study investigated reflective judgment scores of students enrolled in business-related programs of study with junior and senior academic standing from institutions of higher education accredited by the Council of Higher Education in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States during Fall 2011, Spring 2012 and Summer 2012 semesters. Data were collected from students using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. Student reflective judgment scores were determined by employing the Reasoning about Critical Issues (RCI) questionnaire, a proprietary instrument. Eighty-seven students completed all components of the questionnaire to enable a reflective judgment score to be determined. On average, senior respondents in this study experienced higher RCI scores (M = 4.807, SE = 0.120) than junior respondents (M = 4.642, SE = 0.213), although this difference was not statistically significant (t = -0.725; df = 85; p = .107) and represented a small degree of association (r = 0.012). The scores of both junior and senior students were positioned in stage four of reflective judgment with a mean score equaling 4.807 for seniors and 4.642 for juniors; stage four thinking in the Reflective Judgment Model is categorized as quasi-reflective thinking."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Comparing Student Stage of Reflective Judgment between Junior and Senior Academic Standing"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Sebastian Diaz","Ted Price","Steve Robinson","Andrea Weber","Pamela Whitehouse"],"dc:creator":["Miller, Randall C."],"dc:date.available":["2019-01-17T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["This study investigated reflective judgment scores of students enrolled in business-related programs of study with junior and senior academic standing from institutions of higher education accredited by the Council of Higher Education in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States during Fall 2011, Spring 2012 and Summer 2012 semesters. Data were collected from students using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. Student reflective judgment scores were determined by employing the Reasoning about Critical Issues (RCI) questionnaire, a proprietary instrument. Eighty-seven students completed all components of the questionnaire to enable a reflective judgment score to be determined. On average, senior respondents in this study experienced higher RCI scores (M = 4.807, SE = 0.120) than junior respondents (M = 4.642, SE = 0.213), although this difference was not statistically significant (t = -0.725; df = 85; p = .107) and represented a small degree of association (r = 0.012). The scores of both junior and senior students were positioned in stage four of reflective judgment with a mean score equaling 4.807 for seniors and 4.642 for juniors; stage four thinking in the Reflective Judgment Model is categorized as quasi-reflective thinking."],"dc:identifier":["https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.617","https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/617"],"dc:subject":["Educational leadership","Higher education administration"],"dc:title":["Comparing Student Stage of Reflective Judgment between Junior and Senior Academic Standing"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Curriculum & Instruction/Literacy Studies"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["EdD"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:14:46Z"}