Psychological disorders would not be considered as such if they did not result in some form of dysfunction. Yet, the assessment of impairment remains considerably flawed. Typical instruments used to measure impairment are susceptible to criterion contamination (e.g., explicitly confounding symptoms with impairment, as a result of mood-biased responses involved in self report). Additionally, individuals with personality pathology seem likely to underreport impairment, either due to a lack of insight or because of the manifestations of impairment assessed. The current project aimed to demonstrate the concurrent validity of a newly-developed, informant-reported measure of social impairment (the Scale of Unpleasant Relational Conduct Effects, SOURCE). To do this, we used first used psychopathology to predict SOURCE scores, to establish that the SOURCE achieves a basic expected relationship. We then used the SOURCE to predict psychopathology, as well as pathology-related outcomes (e.g., legal trouble), while accounting for scores on a self-report social impairment measure. This was done to determine whether the SOURCE provided any added predictive benefit. Results demonstrate a robust relationship between the SOURCE and personality pathology, even after accounting for a more typical assessment of social impairment. Significant relationships were not found between the SOURCE and Major Depression, or between the SOURCE and substance use disorder diagnosis. Ancillary research questions identified the SOURCE as a potentially useful screening tool for personality pathology, as its demonstrated good specificity and negative predictive power. These results contribute to the growing literature supporting the utility of informant report in the assessment of personality pathology and related dysfunction. They also suggest that the kind of social impairment experienced by individuals with maladaptive personality traits might not be adequately captured by existing measures.
","abstract_html":"<p>Psychological disorders would not be considered as such if they did not result in some form of dysfunction. Yet, the assessment of impairment remains considerably flawed. Typical instruments used to measure impairment are susceptible to criterion contamination (e.g., explicitly confounding symptoms with impairment, as a result of mood-biased responses involved in self report). Additionally, individuals with personality pathology seem likely to underreport impairment, either due to a lack of insight or because of the manifestations of impairment assessed. The current project aimed to demonstrate the concurrent validity of a newly-developed, informant-reported measure of social impairment (the Scale of Unpleasant Relational Conduct Effects, SOURCE). To do this, we used first used psychopathology to predict SOURCE scores, to establish that the SOURCE achieves a basic expected relationship. We then used the SOURCE to predict psychopathology, as well as pathology-related outcomes (e.g., legal trouble), while accounting for scores on a self-report social impairment measure. This was done to determine whether the SOURCE provided any added predictive benefit. Results demonstrate a robust relationship between the SOURCE and personality pathology, even after accounting for a more typical assessment of social impairment. Significant relationships were not found between the SOURCE and Major Depression, or between the SOURCE and substance use disorder diagnosis. Ancillary research questions identified the SOURCE as a potentially useful screening tool for personality pathology, as its demonstrated good specificity and negative predictive power. These results contribute to the growing literature supporting the utility of informant report in the assessment of personality pathology and related dysfunction. They also suggest that the kind of social impairment experienced by individuals with maladaptive personality traits might not be adequately captured by existing measures.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Lawton, Erin Marie"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Thomas F Oltmanns"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-09-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2014-09-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:13:49Z","subjects":["Informant report","Personality disorders","Social impairment"],"languages":["English (en)"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["https://doi.org/10.7936/K7TB1511"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://doi.org/10.7936/K7TB1511","href":"https://doi.org/10.7936/K7TB1511","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/1316","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Thomas F Oltmanns"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Lawton, Erin Marie"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-10-07T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Informant report","Personality disorders","Social impairment"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English (en)"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/1316"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["https://doi.org/10.7936/K7TB1511"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Psychological disorders would not be considered as such if they did not result in some form of dysfunction. Yet, the assessment of impairment remains considerably flawed. Typical instruments used to measure impairment are susceptible to criterion contamination (e.g., explicitly confounding symptoms with impairment, as a result of mood-biased responses involved in self report). Additionally, individuals with personality pathology seem likely to underreport impairment, either due to a lack of insight or because of the manifestations of impairment assessed. The current project aimed to demonstrate the concurrent validity of a newly-developed, informant-reported measure of social impairment (the Scale of Unpleasant Relational Conduct Effects, SOURCE). To do this, we used first used psychopathology to predict SOURCE scores, to establish that the SOURCE achieves a basic expected relationship. We then used the SOURCE to predict psychopathology, as well as pathology-related outcomes (e.g., legal trouble), while accounting for scores on a self-report social impairment measure. This was done to determine whether the SOURCE provided any added predictive benefit. Results demonstrate a robust relationship between the SOURCE and personality pathology, even after accounting for a more typical assessment of social impairment. Significant relationships were not found between the SOURCE and Major Depression, or between the SOURCE and substance use disorder diagnosis. Ancillary research questions identified the SOURCE as a potentially useful screening tool for personality pathology, as its demonstrated good specificity and negative predictive power. These results contribute to the growing literature supporting the utility of informant report in the assessment of personality pathology and related dysfunction. They also suggest that the kind of social impairment experienced by individuals with maladaptive personality traits might not be adequately captured by existing measures.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Reconceptualizing Social Impairment Using Informant Report"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Thomas F Oltmanns"],"dc:creator":["Lawton, Erin Marie"],"dc:date.available":["2016-10-07T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Psychological disorders would not be considered as such if they did not result in some form of dysfunction. Yet, the assessment of impairment remains considerably flawed. Typical instruments used to measure impairment are susceptible to criterion contamination (e.g., explicitly confounding symptoms with impairment, as a result of mood-biased responses involved in self report). Additionally, individuals with personality pathology seem likely to underreport impairment, either due to a lack of insight or because of the manifestations of impairment assessed. The current project aimed to demonstrate the concurrent validity of a newly-developed, informant-reported measure of social impairment (the Scale of Unpleasant Relational Conduct Effects, SOURCE). To do this, we used first used psychopathology to predict SOURCE scores, to establish that the SOURCE achieves a basic expected relationship. We then used the SOURCE to predict psychopathology, as well as pathology-related outcomes (e.g., legal trouble), while accounting for scores on a self-report social impairment measure. This was done to determine whether the SOURCE provided any added predictive benefit. Results demonstrate a robust relationship between the SOURCE and personality pathology, even after accounting for a more typical assessment of social impairment. Significant relationships were not found between the SOURCE and Major Depression, or between the SOURCE and substance use disorder diagnosis. Ancillary research questions identified the SOURCE as a potentially useful screening tool for personality pathology, as its demonstrated good specificity and negative predictive power. These results contribute to the growing literature supporting the utility of informant report in the assessment of personality pathology and related dysfunction. They also suggest that the kind of social impairment experienced by individuals with maladaptive personality traits might not be adequately captured by existing measures.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/1316"],"dc:identifier.doi":["https://doi.org/10.7936/K7TB1511"],"dc:language":["English (en)"],"dc:subject":["Informant report","Personality disorders","Social impairment"],"dc:title":["Reconceptualizing Social Impairment Using Informant Report"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:13:49Z"}