{"id":{"repo_id":"wustl","oai_identifier":"oai:openscholarship.wustl.edu:etd-1105"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/wustl/oai:openscholarship.wustl.edu:etd-1105","repository":{"repo_id":"wustl","name":"Washington University in St. Louis","base_url":"https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Sizing up the competition: Quantifying the influence of the mental lexicon on auditory, visual, and audiovisual spoken word recognition","abstract":"A central question in research on spoken word recognition is whether spoken words are recognized relationally, in the context of other words in the mental lexicon: McClelland & Elman, 1986; Norris, 1994; Luce & Pisoni, 1998). The current research evaluated metrics for measuring the influence of the mental lexicon on spoken word recognition in auditory-only: A-only), visual-only: V-only) and audiovisual: AV) conditions, and assessed the extent to which lexical properties influence recognition similarly across modality of input. Lexical competition: the extent to which perceptually similar words influence recognition of a stimulus word) was quantified using metrics that are well-established in the literature, as well as a novel statistical method for calculating perceptual confusability, based on the Phi-square statistic. The Phi-square statistic proved an effective measure for assessing lexical competition and explained significant variance in A-only and V-only spoken word identification beyond that accounted for by traditional metrics. Because these values include the influence of all words in the lexicon: rather than only perceptually very similar words), it suggests that even perceptually distant words may receive some activation, and therefore provide competition, during spoken word recognition. Spoken word recognition in A-only, V-only, and AV was sensitive to modality-specific lexical competition and stimulus frequency. These findings extend the scope of activation-competition models of spoken word recognition and suggest that the perceptual and lexical properties underlying spoken word recognition are not unique to the A-only domain.","abstract_html":"A central question in research on spoken word recognition is whether spoken words are recognized relationally, in the context of other words in the mental lexicon: McClelland & Elman, 1986; Norris, 1994; Luce & Pisoni, 1998). The current research evaluated metrics for measuring the influence of the mental lexicon on spoken word recognition in auditory-only: A-only), visual-only: V-only) and audiovisual: AV) conditions, and assessed the extent to which lexical properties influence recognition similarly across modality of input. Lexical competition: the extent to which perceptually similar words influence recognition of a stimulus word) was quantified using metrics that are well-established in the literature, as well as a novel statistical method for calculating perceptual confusability, based on the Phi-square statistic. The Phi-square statistic proved an effective measure for assessing lexical competition and explained significant variance in A-only and V-only spoken word identification beyond that accounted for by traditional metrics. Because these values include the influence of all words in the lexicon: rather than only perceptually very similar words), it suggests that even perceptually distant words may receive some activation, and therefore provide competition, during spoken word recognition. Spoken word recognition in A-only, V-only, and AV was sensitive to modality-specific lexical competition and stimulus frequency. These findings extend the scope of activation-competition models of spoken word recognition and suggest that the perceptual and lexical properties underlying spoken word recognition are not unique to the A-only domain.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Feld, Julia"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Mitchell Sommers"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2010,"date_issued":"2010-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2010-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:12:32Z","subjects":["Psychology","Experimental","lipreading","neighborhood activation model","spoken word recognition"],"languages":["English (en)"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["https://doi.org/10.7936/K79S1P5V"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://doi.org/10.7936/K79S1P5V","href":"https://doi.org/10.7936/K79S1P5V","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/106","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Mitchell Sommers"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Feld, Julia"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2010-01-01T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Psychology","Experimental","lipreading","neighborhood activation model","spoken word recognition"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English (en)"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/106"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["https://doi.org/10.7936/K79S1P5V"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["A central question in research on spoken word recognition is whether spoken words are recognized relationally, in the context of other words in the mental lexicon: McClelland & Elman, 1986; Norris, 1994; Luce & Pisoni, 1998). The current research evaluated metrics for measuring the influence of the mental lexicon on spoken word recognition in auditory-only: A-only), visual-only: V-only) and audiovisual: AV) conditions, and assessed the extent to which lexical properties influence recognition similarly across modality of input. Lexical competition: the extent to which perceptually similar words influence recognition of a stimulus word) was quantified using metrics that are well-established in the literature, as well as a novel statistical method for calculating perceptual confusability, based on the Phi-square statistic. The Phi-square statistic proved an effective measure for assessing lexical competition and explained significant variance in A-only and V-only spoken word identification beyond that accounted for by traditional metrics. Because these values include the influence of all words in the lexicon: rather than only perceptually very similar words), it suggests that even perceptually distant words may receive some activation, and therefore provide competition, during spoken word recognition. Spoken word recognition in A-only, V-only, and AV was sensitive to modality-specific lexical competition and stimulus frequency. These findings extend the scope of activation-competition models of spoken word recognition and suggest that the perceptual and lexical properties underlying spoken word recognition are not unique to the A-only domain."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Sizing up the competition: Quantifying the influence of the mental lexicon on auditory, visual, and audiovisual spoken word recognition"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Mitchell Sommers"],"dc:creator":["Feld, Julia"],"dc:date.available":["2010-01-01T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["A central question in research on spoken word recognition is whether spoken words are recognized relationally, in the context of other words in the mental lexicon: McClelland & Elman, 1986; Norris, 1994; Luce & Pisoni, 1998). The current research evaluated metrics for measuring the influence of the mental lexicon on spoken word recognition in auditory-only: A-only), visual-only: V-only) and audiovisual: AV) conditions, and assessed the extent to which lexical properties influence recognition similarly across modality of input. Lexical competition: the extent to which perceptually similar words influence recognition of a stimulus word) was quantified using metrics that are well-established in the literature, as well as a novel statistical method for calculating perceptual confusability, based on the Phi-square statistic. The Phi-square statistic proved an effective measure for assessing lexical competition and explained significant variance in A-only and V-only spoken word identification beyond that accounted for by traditional metrics. Because these values include the influence of all words in the lexicon: rather than only perceptually very similar words), it suggests that even perceptually distant words may receive some activation, and therefore provide competition, during spoken word recognition. Spoken word recognition in A-only, V-only, and AV was sensitive to modality-specific lexical competition and stimulus frequency. These findings extend the scope of activation-competition models of spoken word recognition and suggest that the perceptual and lexical properties underlying spoken word recognition are not unique to the A-only domain."],"dc:identifier":["https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/106"],"dc:identifier.doi":["https://doi.org/10.7936/K79S1P5V"],"dc:language":["English (en)"],"dc:subject":["Psychology","Experimental","lipreading","neighborhood activation model","spoken word recognition"],"dc:title":["Sizing up the competition: Quantifying the influence of the mental lexicon on auditory, visual, and audiovisual spoken word recognition"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:12:32Z"}