Advanced material classes, such as high temperature alloys, ceramics, and refractory materials have become a key area of focus for expansion in the realm of additive manufacturing. Factors such as high melting points, material homogeneity, and physical properties such as ductility limit the application of popular additive manufacturing methods to these material classes. By utilizing sodium flame synthesis and deposition (SFD) technology, nanoparticle materials can be synthesized via combustion in a laminar co-flow diffusion burner and impacted such that the deposits can be used to manufacture designed components. By using the applicable precursor materials of metal chlorides and elemental sodium as a reducing agent, vapor-phase combustion is shown to produce titanium and niobium particles that impact to form high purity line deposits. From these experiments, the groundwork is laid for the development of production methods of more complex materials and higher quality and more complex deposits.
","abstract_html":"<p>Advanced material classes, such as high temperature alloys, ceramics, and refractory materials have become a key area of focus for expansion in the realm of additive manufacturing. Factors such as high melting points, material homogeneity, and physical properties such as ductility limit the application of popular additive manufacturing methods to these material classes. By utilizing sodium flame synthesis and deposition (SFD) technology, nanoparticle materials can be synthesized via combustion in a laminar co-flow diffusion burner and impacted such that the deposits can be used to manufacture designed components. By using the applicable precursor materials of metal chlorides and elemental sodium as a reducing agent, vapor-phase combustion is shown to produce titanium and niobium particles that impact to form high purity line deposits. From these experiments, the groundwork is laid for the development of production methods of more complex materials and higher quality and more complex deposits.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wargel, Zachariah"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Richard L. Axelbaum","Patricia Weisensee Katherine Flores"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024-08-13T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2024-08-13T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:13:31Z","subjects":["Additive Manufacturing","Sodium Flame","Metal Additive Manufacturing","Flame Synthesis","Titanium","Niobium","Deposition","Heat Transfer, Combustion","Metallurgy","Structural Materials"],"languages":["English (en)"],"rights":["I have not registered my thesis with the U.S. Copyright Office, and do not intend to."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/eng_etds/1064"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/eng_etds/1064","href":"https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/eng_etds/1064","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.7936/rm5d-8285","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Richard L. Axelbaum","Patricia Weisensee Katherine Flores"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wargel, Zachariah"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-08-13T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science","McKelvey School of Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Additive Manufacturing","Sodium Flame","Metal Additive Manufacturing","Flame Synthesis","Titanium","Niobium","Deposition","Heat Transfer, Combustion","Metallurgy","Structural Materials"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English (en)"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["I have not registered my thesis with the U.S. Copyright Office, and do not intend to."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://doi.org/10.7936/rm5d-8285","https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/eng_etds/1064"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Advanced material classes, such as high temperature alloys, ceramics, and refractory materials have become a key area of focus for expansion in the realm of additive manufacturing. Factors such as high melting points, material homogeneity, and physical properties such as ductility limit the application of popular additive manufacturing methods to these material classes. By utilizing sodium flame synthesis and deposition (SFD) technology, nanoparticle materials can be synthesized via combustion in a laminar co-flow diffusion burner and impacted such that the deposits can be used to manufacture designed components. By using the applicable precursor materials of metal chlorides and elemental sodium as a reducing agent, vapor-phase combustion is shown to produce titanium and niobium particles that impact to form high purity line deposits. From these experiments, the groundwork is laid for the development of production methods of more complex materials and higher quality and more complex deposits.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Utilization of Sodium Flame Synthesis for the Formation and Deposition of Pure Metal Materials for Applications in Additive Manufacturing"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Richard L. Axelbaum","Patricia Weisensee Katherine Flores"],"dc:creator":["Wargel, Zachariah"],"dc:date.available":["2024-08-13T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Advanced material classes, such as high temperature alloys, ceramics, and refractory materials have become a key area of focus for expansion in the realm of additive manufacturing. Factors such as high melting points, material homogeneity, and physical properties such as ductility limit the application of popular additive manufacturing methods to these material classes. By utilizing sodium flame synthesis and deposition (SFD) technology, nanoparticle materials can be synthesized via combustion in a laminar co-flow diffusion burner and impacted such that the deposits can be used to manufacture designed components. By using the applicable precursor materials of metal chlorides and elemental sodium as a reducing agent, vapor-phase combustion is shown to produce titanium and niobium particles that impact to form high purity line deposits. From these experiments, the groundwork is laid for the development of production methods of more complex materials and higher quality and more complex deposits.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://doi.org/10.7936/rm5d-8285","https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/eng_etds/1064"],"dc:language":["English (en)"],"dc:rights":["I have not registered my thesis with the U.S. Copyright Office, and do not intend to."],"dc:subject":["Additive Manufacturing","Sodium Flame","Metal Additive Manufacturing","Flame Synthesis","Titanium","Niobium","Deposition","Heat Transfer, Combustion","Metallurgy","Structural Materials"],"dc:title":["Utilization of Sodium Flame Synthesis for the Formation and Deposition of Pure Metal Materials for Applications in Additive Manufacturing"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science","McKelvey School of Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:13:31Z"}