Neutrophil extracellular traps involve the rapid translocation of DNA to the outside of the cell under certain stimuli. This structure forms a fibrous network that is able to limit the spread of pathogens and to kill microorganisms. It has also been shown to be present in various pathological processes such as inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer metastasis. Currently, the formation process of NETs in vivo is being extensively studied. However noninvasive detection and quantitation has yet to be achieved. A class of PET tracers are described here that consists of a DNA dye as the backbone that is labeled with an emerging positron emitting isotope of research and clinical interest, 44Sc. We describe the synthesis and radiolabeling of several NET probes and their in vivo pharmacokinetics.
","abstract_html":"<p>Neutrophil extracellular traps involve the rapid translocation of DNA to the outside of the cell under certain stimuli. This structure forms a fibrous network that is able to limit the spread of pathogens and to kill microorganisms. It has also been shown to be present in various pathological processes such as inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer metastasis. Currently, the formation process of NETs in vivo is being extensively studied. However noninvasive detection and quantitation has yet to be achieved. A class of PET tracers are described here that consists of a DNA dye as the backbone that is labeled with an emerging positron emitting isotope of research and clinical interest, <sup>44</sup>Sc. We describe the synthesis and radiolabeling of several NET probes and their in vivo pharmacokinetics.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Li, Zhiyao"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Biomedical Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Daniel L.J. Thorek, PhD, Radiology, Biomedical Engineering","Hanwen Zhang, PhD, Radiology Buck Rogers, PhD, Radiation Oncology Michael Nickels, PhD, Radiology"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2023,"date_issued":"2023-05-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2023-05-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:13:05Z","subjects":["Positron Emission Tomography","Neutrophil Extracellular Traps","Extracellular DNA","Synthesis","Radiolabeling","Pharmacokinetics","Radiotracer","Scandium-44","DNA dye","Bioimaging and Biomedical Optics","Organic Chemistry","Radiochemistry","Radiology"],"languages":["English (en)"],"rights":["I have not registered my thesis with the U.S. Copyright Office, but intend to later."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/eng_etds/829"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/eng_etds/829","href":"https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/eng_etds/829","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.7936/q9sw-rg65","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Daniel L.J. Thorek, PhD, Radiology, Biomedical Engineering","Hanwen Zhang, PhD, Radiology Buck Rogers, PhD, Radiation Oncology Michael Nickels, PhD, Radiology"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Li, Zhiyao"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-04-17T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biomedical Engineering","McKelvey School of Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Positron Emission Tomography","Neutrophil Extracellular Traps","Extracellular DNA","Synthesis","Radiolabeling","Pharmacokinetics","Radiotracer","Scandium-44","DNA dye","Bioimaging and Biomedical Optics","Organic Chemistry","Radiochemistry","Radiology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English (en)"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["I have not registered my thesis with the U.S. Copyright Office, but intend to later."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://doi.org/10.7936/q9sw-rg65","https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/eng_etds/829"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Neutrophil extracellular traps involve the rapid translocation of DNA to the outside of the cell under certain stimuli. This structure forms a fibrous network that is able to limit the spread of pathogens and to kill microorganisms. It has also been shown to be present in various pathological processes such as inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer metastasis. Currently, the formation process of NETs in vivo is being extensively studied. However noninvasive detection and quantitation has yet to be achieved. A class of PET tracers are described here that consists of a DNA dye as the backbone that is labeled with an emerging positron emitting isotope of research and clinical interest, 44Sc. We describe the synthesis and radiolabeling of several NET probes and their in vivo pharmacokinetics.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Synthesis, Radiolabeling and Evaluation of a suite of Tracers with 44Sc for Detecting Extracellular DNA"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Daniel L.J. Thorek, PhD, Radiology, Biomedical Engineering","Hanwen Zhang, PhD, Radiology Buck Rogers, PhD, Radiation Oncology Michael Nickels, PhD, Radiology"],"dc:creator":["Li, Zhiyao"],"dc:date.available":["2024-04-17T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Neutrophil extracellular traps involve the rapid translocation of DNA to the outside of the cell under certain stimuli. This structure forms a fibrous network that is able to limit the spread of pathogens and to kill microorganisms. It has also been shown to be present in various pathological processes such as inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer metastasis. Currently, the formation process of NETs in vivo is being extensively studied. However noninvasive detection and quantitation has yet to be achieved. A class of PET tracers are described here that consists of a DNA dye as the backbone that is labeled with an emerging positron emitting isotope of research and clinical interest, 44Sc. We describe the synthesis and radiolabeling of several NET probes and their in vivo pharmacokinetics.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://doi.org/10.7936/q9sw-rg65","https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/eng_etds/829"],"dc:language":["English (en)"],"dc:rights":["I have not registered my thesis with the U.S. Copyright Office, but intend to later."],"dc:subject":["Positron Emission Tomography","Neutrophil Extracellular Traps","Extracellular DNA","Synthesis","Radiolabeling","Pharmacokinetics","Radiotracer","Scandium-44","DNA dye","Bioimaging and Biomedical Optics","Organic Chemistry","Radiochemistry","Radiology"],"dc:title":["Synthesis, Radiolabeling and Evaluation of a suite of Tracers with 44Sc for Detecting Extracellular DNA"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biomedical Engineering","McKelvey School of Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:13:05Z"}