The remineralization of marine organic matter by diverse biological and abiotic processes
type: CreativeWork
description: While aerobic respiration is typically invoked as the dominant mass-balance sink for organic matter in the upper ocean, many other biological and abiotic processes can degrade particulate and dissolved substrates on globally significant scales. The relative strengths of these other remineralization processes — including mechanical mechanisms such as dissolution and disaggregation of sinking particles, and abiotic processes such as photooxidation — remain poorly constrained. In this thesis, I examine the biogeochemical significance of various alternative pathways of organic matter remineralization using a combination of field experiments, modeling approaches, geochemical analyses, and a new, high-throughput lipidomics method for identification of lipid biomarkers. I first assess the relative importance of particleattached microbial respiration compared to other processes that can degrade sinking marine particles. A hybrid methodological approach — comparison of substrate-specific respiration rates from across the North Atlantic basin with Monte Carlo-style sensitivity analyses of a simple mechanistic model — suggested sinking particle material was transferred to the water column by various biological and mechanical processes nearly 3.5 times as fast as it was directly respired, questioning the conventional assumption that direct respiration dominates remineralization. I next present and demonstrate a new lipidomics method and open-source software package for discovery and identification of molecular biomarkers for organic matter degradation in large, high-mass-accuracy HPLC-ESI-MS datasets. I use the software to unambiguously identify more than 1,100 unique lipids, oxidized lipids, and oxylipins in data from cultures of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum that were subjected to oxidative stress. Finally, I present the results of photooxidation experiments conducted with liposomes — nonliving aggregations of lipids — in natural waters of the Southern Ocean. A …
abstract: While aerobic respiration is typically invoked as the dominant mass-balance sink for organic matter in the upper ocean, many other biological and abiotic processes can degrade particulate and dissolved substrates on globally significant scales. The relative strengths of these other remineralization processes — including mechanical mechanisms such as dissolution and disaggregation of sinking particles, and abiotic processes such as photooxidation — remain poorly constrained. In this thesis, I examine the biogeochemical significance of various alternative pathways of organic matter remineralization using a combination of field experiments, modeling approaches, geochemical analyses, and a new, high-throughput lipidomics method for identification of lipid biomarkers. I first assess the relative importance of particleattached microbial respiration compared to other processes that can degrade sinking marine particles. A hybrid methodological approach — comparison of substrate-specific respiration rates from across the North Atlantic basin with Monte Carlo-style sensitivity analyses of a simple mechanistic model — suggested sinking particle material was transferred to the water column by various biological and mechanical processes nearly 3.5 times as fast as it was directly respired, questioning the conventional assumption that direct respiration dominates remineralization. I next present and demonstrate a new lipidomics method and open-source software package for discovery and identification of molecular biomarkers for organic matter degradation in large, high-mass-accuracy HPLC-ESI-MS datasets. I use the software to unambiguously identify more than 1,100 unique lipids, oxidized lipids, and oxylipins in data from cultures of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum that were subjected to oxidative stress. Finally, I present the results of photooxidation experiments conducted with liposomes — nonliving aggregations of lipids — in natural waters of the Southern Ocean. A …
author: Collins, James R.
language: en_US
keywords: Microorganisms, Respiration, Liposomes
date published: 2017-02
date modified: 2026-07-27T22:05:06Z
provider: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
publisher: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
type: WebPage
source organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

PropertyValue
property ID: Handle
value: https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8721

PropertyValue
property ID: DOI
value: 10.1575/1912/8721