{"id":{"repo_id":"woods-hole","oai_identifier":"oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/67670"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/woods-hole/oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/67670","repository":{"repo_id":"woods-hole","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute","base_url":"https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Distribution and behavior of trace metals in the subterranean estuary of an Arctic coastal lagoon","abstract":"Subterranean estuaries (STEs) can be an important location for biogeochemical reactions that may alter concentrations of chemical constituents of groundwater. With warming in the Arctic and the subsequent permafrost thaw, the relative importance of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to ocean chemical budgets will grow. In this study, we examined the distribution of select trace metals (Fe, Mn, V, U, Mo and Ba) in the STE, lagoon surface waters, and coastal sediments of Simpson Lagoon along the Beaufort Shelf of Alaska. This location is unique among studies as the STE consists of organic-rich sediments. Samples were collected over two years and throughout seasonal water conditions, including the melting, open-water, and freeze-up periods. Fe, Mn, V, and Ba mainly exhibited non-conservative additions within the estuary, with Fe concentrations being some of the highest among groundwater studies. U exhibited both non-conservative removal and addition in the estuary, and Mo exhibited mainly removal. In the lagoon, non-conservative addition of U allowed for the calculation of an SGD flux. This flux, along with a Ra-derived flux, was used to estimate metal fluxes into the lagoon. Fluxes for all metals were similar to or greater than river flux estimates in all months except for June, when SGD was likely nonexistent. These fluxes can be used to assess SGD impact on the coastal Arctic; however, for reactive metals, processes in the lagoon may continue to alter metal concentrations before mixing with the greater Arctic Ocean. This study provides some of the first estimates of trace metal concentrations and fluxes within Arctic subterranean estuaries and exhibits the importance of considering SGD when assessing metal input to the coastal Arctic.","abstract_html":"Subterranean estuaries (STEs) can be an important location for biogeochemical reactions that may alter concentrations of chemical constituents of groundwater. With warming in the Arctic and the subsequent permafrost thaw, the relative importance of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to ocean chemical budgets will grow. In this study, we examined the distribution of select trace metals (Fe, Mn, V, U, Mo and Ba) in the STE, lagoon surface waters, and coastal sediments of Simpson Lagoon along the Beaufort Shelf of Alaska. This location is unique among studies as the STE consists of organic-rich sediments. Samples were collected over two years and throughout seasonal water conditions, including the melting, open-water, and freeze-up periods. Fe, Mn, V, and Ba mainly exhibited non-conservative additions within the estuary, with Fe concentrations being some of the highest among groundwater studies. U exhibited both non-conservative removal and addition in the estuary, and Mo exhibited mainly removal. In the lagoon, non-conservative addition of U allowed for the calculation of an SGD flux. This flux, along with a Ra-derived flux, was used to estimate metal fluxes into the lagoon. Fluxes for all metals were similar to or greater than river flux estimates in all months except for June, when SGD was likely nonexistent. These fluxes can be used to assess SGD impact on the coastal Arctic; however, for reactive metals, processes in the lagoon may continue to alter metal concentrations before mixing with the greater Arctic Ocean. This study provides some of the first estimates of trace metal concentrations and fluxes within Arctic subterranean estuaries and exhibits the importance of considering SGD when assessing metal input to the coastal Arctic.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Schaal, Isabel V."],"institution":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Charette, Matthew A."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024-02","date_published":"2024-02","updated_at":"2026-07-27T22:05:04Z","subjects":["Trace metals","Arctic","Subterranean estuary"],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":["©2024 Isabel V. Schaal. The author hereby grants to MIT and WHOI a nonexclusive, worldwide, irrevocable, royalty-free license to exercise any and all rights under copyright, including to reproduce, preserve, distribute and publicly display copies of the thesis, or release the thesis under an open-access license."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["10.1575/1912/67670"],"render_values":[{"text":"10.1575/1912/67670","href":"https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/67670","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/67670","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Charette, Matthew A."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Schaal, Isabel V."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2024-02-23T18:51:45Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-02-23T18:51:45Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2024-02"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Trace metals","Arctic","Subterranean estuary"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["©2024 Isabel V. Schaal. The author hereby grants to MIT and WHOI a nonexclusive, worldwide, irrevocable, royalty-free license to exercise any and all rights under copyright, including to reproduce, preserve, distribute and publicly display copies of the thesis, or release the thesis under an open-access license."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["10.1575/1912/67670"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/1912/67670"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemical Oceanography at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution February 2024."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Subterranean estuaries (STEs) can be an important location for biogeochemical reactions that may alter concentrations of chemical constituents of groundwater. With warming in the Arctic and the subsequent permafrost thaw, the relative importance of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to ocean chemical budgets will grow. In this study, we examined the distribution of select trace metals (Fe, Mn, V, U, Mo and Ba) in the STE, lagoon surface waters, and coastal sediments of Simpson Lagoon along the Beaufort Shelf of Alaska. This location is unique among studies as the STE consists of organic-rich sediments. Samples were collected over two years and throughout seasonal water conditions, including the melting, open-water, and freeze-up periods. Fe, Mn, V, and Ba mainly exhibited non-conservative additions within the estuary, with Fe concentrations being some of the highest among groundwater studies. U exhibited both non-conservative removal and addition in the estuary, and Mo exhibited mainly removal. In the lagoon, non-conservative addition of U allowed for the calculation of an SGD flux. This flux, along with a Ra-derived flux, was used to estimate metal fluxes into the lagoon. Fluxes for all metals were similar to or greater than river flux estimates in all months except for June, when SGD was likely nonexistent. These fluxes can be used to assess SGD impact on the coastal Arctic; however, for reactive metals, processes in the lagoon may continue to alter metal concentrations before mixing with the greater Arctic Ocean. This study provides some of the first estimates of trace metal concentrations and fluxes within Arctic subterranean estuaries and exhibits the importance of considering SGD when assessing metal input to the coastal Arctic."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Distribution and behavior of trace metals in the subterranean estuary of an Arctic coastal lagoon"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Charette, Matthew A."],"dc:creator":["Schaal, Isabel V."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2024-02-23T18:51:45Z"],"dc:date.available":["2024-02-23T18:51:45Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2024-02"],"dc:description":["Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemical Oceanography at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution February 2024."],"dc:description.abstract":["Subterranean estuaries (STEs) can be an important location for biogeochemical reactions that may alter concentrations of chemical constituents of groundwater. With warming in the Arctic and the subsequent permafrost thaw, the relative importance of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to ocean chemical budgets will grow. In this study, we examined the distribution of select trace metals (Fe, Mn, V, U, Mo and Ba) in the STE, lagoon surface waters, and coastal sediments of Simpson Lagoon along the Beaufort Shelf of Alaska. This location is unique among studies as the STE consists of organic-rich sediments. Samples were collected over two years and throughout seasonal water conditions, including the melting, open-water, and freeze-up periods. Fe, Mn, V, and Ba mainly exhibited non-conservative additions within the estuary, with Fe concentrations being some of the highest among groundwater studies. U exhibited both non-conservative removal and addition in the estuary, and Mo exhibited mainly removal. In the lagoon, non-conservative addition of U allowed for the calculation of an SGD flux. This flux, along with a Ra-derived flux, was used to estimate metal fluxes into the lagoon. Fluxes for all metals were similar to or greater than river flux estimates in all months except for June, when SGD was likely nonexistent. These fluxes can be used to assess SGD impact on the coastal Arctic; however, for reactive metals, processes in the lagoon may continue to alter metal concentrations before mixing with the greater Arctic Ocean. This study provides some of the first estimates of trace metal concentrations and fluxes within Arctic subterranean estuaries and exhibits the importance of considering SGD when assessing metal input to the coastal Arctic."],"dc:identifier.doi":["10.1575/1912/67670"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/1912/67670"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:publisher":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"],"dc:rights":["©2024 Isabel V. Schaal. The author hereby grants to MIT and WHOI a nonexclusive, worldwide, irrevocable, royalty-free license to exercise any and all rights under copyright, including to reproduce, preserve, distribute and publicly display copies of the thesis, or release the thesis under an open-access license."],"dc:subject":["Trace metals","Arctic","Subterranean estuary"],"dc:title":["Distribution and behavior of trace metals in the subterranean estuary of an Arctic coastal lagoon"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T22:05:04Z"}