Geophysical and geochemical constraints on submarine volcanic processes
type: CreativeWork
description: Submarine volcanic systems form new oceanic crust, host unique chemosynthetic ecosystems, concentrate rare metals, and provide a conduit for chemical transfer from the Earth's interior to hydrosphere. Although our understanding of submarine volcanoes has been historically limited due to their relative inaccessibility, recent observations from active systems provide valuable opportunities to address key open questions in submarine volcanology. This thesis provides new insight into submarine volcanic processes using observations and samples from the 2011 Axial Seamount eruption, the 2012 Havre Volcano eruption, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 14°N. In Chapter 2, I develop best practices for quantifying vesicle textures and reconstructing total CO2 concentrations in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). Based on synthetic vesicle populations, 2D and 3D measurements, and Raman spectroscopy, I show that traditional methods overestimate MORB CO2 concentrations by as much as 50%, which has important implications for estimating ridge CO2 flux. In Chapter 3, I apply methods from Chapter 2, along with a bubble growth model, to samples from the 2011 Axial Seamount eruption in order to evaluate magma ascent and lava flow rates. I show that the variability in ascent rates during the 2011 eruption spans the range previously proposed over the global mid-ocean ridge system. I suggest that the variability in ascent rates relates to lateral dike propagation and evolving reservoir overpressures and that ascent rates influence flow morphology. In Chapter 4, I address the origin of highly vesicular MORB that pop upon recovery from the seafloor. I show that bubble accumulation produces the high volatile concentrations in these popping rocks and demonstrate that mantle carbon concentrations are lower and less heterogeneous than previously proposed. In Chapter 5, I evaluate models for the submarine dispersal of giant pumice clasts using observations from the 2012 Havre Volcano eruption. I show t…
abstract: Submarine volcanic systems form new oceanic crust, host unique chemosynthetic ecosystems, concentrate rare metals, and provide a conduit for chemical transfer from the Earth's interior to hydrosphere. Although our understanding of submarine volcanoes has been historically limited due to their relative inaccessibility, recent observations from active systems provide valuable opportunities to address key open questions in submarine volcanology. This thesis provides new insight into submarine volcanic processes using observations and samples from the 2011 Axial Seamount eruption, the 2012 Havre Volcano eruption, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 14°N. In Chapter 2, I develop best practices for quantifying vesicle textures and reconstructing total CO2 concentrations in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). Based on synthetic vesicle populations, 2D and 3D measurements, and Raman spectroscopy, I show that traditional methods overestimate MORB CO2 concentrations by as much as 50%, which has important implications for estimating ridge CO2 flux. In Chapter 3, I apply methods from Chapter 2, along with a bubble growth model, to samples from the 2011 Axial Seamount eruption in order to evaluate magma ascent and lava flow rates. I show that the variability in ascent rates during the 2011 eruption spans the range previously proposed over the global mid-ocean ridge system. I suggest that the variability in ascent rates relates to lateral dike propagation and evolving reservoir overpressures and that ascent rates influence flow morphology. In Chapter 4, I address the origin of highly vesicular MORB that pop upon recovery from the seafloor. I show that bubble accumulation produces the high volatile concentrations in these popping rocks and demonstrate that mantle carbon concentrations are lower and less heterogeneous than previously proposed. In Chapter 5, I evaluate models for the submarine dispersal of giant pumice clasts using observations from the 2012 Havre Volcano eruption. I show t…
author: Jones, Meghan R.
language: en_US
keywords: Submarine volcanoes, Ocean bottom, Biotic communities, Geochemistry, Volcanology, Water--Carbon dioxide content
date published: 2019-09
date modified: 2026-07-27T22:05:06Z
provider: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
publisher: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
type: WebPage
source organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

PropertyValue
property ID: Handle
value: https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24375

PropertyValue
property ID: DOI
value: 10.1575/1912/24375