The proposed ASTM procedures for the determination of 13 major and minor., and 11 trace elements, in solid coal and coke combustion residues by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were checked for routine use. In this study, the ICP analysis values and XRF analysis values of major and minor elements in two kinds of coal and two kinds of limestone were compared. It was shown that over 95% closure of the mass balances of the 24 major, minor, and trace elements was obtained with the proposed ASTM procedure. Also, it was demonstrated that trace elements may be lost through combustion. From six combustion runs, the composition of the fly ashes produced in the FBC burns was determined by XRF analysis. The total carbon, inorganic carbon, and unburned carbon in the fly ashes were also determined. The combustion efficiency of the AFBC system was calculated by comparing the carbonto-iron ratios in the unburned fuel to that in the fly ashes.
","abstract_html":"<p>The proposed ASTM procedures for the determination of 13 major and minor., and 11 trace elements, in solid coal and coke combustion residues by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were checked for routine use. In this study, the ICP analysis values and XRF analysis values of major and minor elements in two kinds of coal and two kinds of limestone were compared. It was shown that over 95% closure of the mass balances of the 24 major, minor, and trace elements was obtained with the proposed ASTM procedure. Also, it was demonstrated that trace elements may be lost through combustion. From six combustion runs, the composition of the fly ashes produced in the FBC burns was determined by XRF analysis. The total carbon, inorganic carbon, and unburned carbon in the fly ashes were also determined. The combustion efficiency of the AFBC system was calculated by comparing the carbonto-iron ratios in the unburned fuel to that in the fly ashes.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Cao, Qianwen"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Department of Chemistry","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1997,"date_issued":"1997-05-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"1997-05-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:07:54Z","subjects":["Chemistry"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/899","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Cao, Qianwen"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Department of Chemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Chemistry"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/899"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The proposed ASTM procedures for the determination of 13 major and minor., and 11 trace elements, in solid coal and coke combustion residues by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were checked for routine use. In this study, the ICP analysis values and XRF analysis values of major and minor elements in two kinds of coal and two kinds of limestone were compared. It was shown that over 95% closure of the mass balances of the 24 major, minor, and trace elements was obtained with the proposed ASTM procedure. Also, it was demonstrated that trace elements may be lost through combustion. From six combustion runs, the composition of the fly ashes produced in the FBC burns was determined by XRF analysis. The total carbon, inorganic carbon, and unburned carbon in the fly ashes were also determined. The combustion efficiency of the AFBC system was calculated by comparing the carbonto-iron ratios in the unburned fuel to that in the fly ashes.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Mass Balance of Major, Minor and Trace Elements During AFBC Combustion of Fuels"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Cao, Qianwen"],"dc:description.abstract":["The proposed ASTM procedures for the determination of 13 major and minor., and 11 trace elements, in solid coal and coke combustion residues by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were checked for routine use. In this study, the ICP analysis values and XRF analysis values of major and minor elements in two kinds of coal and two kinds of limestone were compared. It was shown that over 95% closure of the mass balances of the 24 major, minor, and trace elements was obtained with the proposed ASTM procedure. Also, it was demonstrated that trace elements may be lost through combustion. From six combustion runs, the composition of the fly ashes produced in the FBC burns was determined by XRF analysis. The total carbon, inorganic carbon, and unburned carbon in the fly ashes were also determined. The combustion efficiency of the AFBC system was calculated by comparing the carbonto-iron ratios in the unburned fuel to that in the fly ashes.
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