{"id":{"repo_id":"wku-diss","oai_identifier":"oai:digitalcommons.wku.edu:theses-1512"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/wku-diss/oai:digitalcommons.wku.edu:theses-1512","repository":{"repo_id":"wku-diss","name":"Western Kentucky University","base_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"The Effects of Self-Monitoring and Religious Self-Discrepancies on Negative Affect","abstract":"According to Higgins's (1987) self-discrepancy theory, an individual's selfesteem is based upon fulfilling one's self-expectations or the expectations of significant others (e.g., spouse or parent). Failure to live up to these expectations results in greater levels of depression, anxiety, and lower self-esteem. Previous research has also found that those low in Snyder and Gangestad's (1986) self-monitoring construct are more influenced by their own expectations, while those high in self-monitoring are more influenced by others' expectations. It was predicted that Christians who are low in self-monitoring will have greater levels of depression and anxiety and lower self-esteem if they fail to fulfill their own religious expectations, whereas Christians who are high in self-monitoring would have greater levels of depression and anxiety and lower self-esteem if they fail to meet the religious expectations of significant others. As predicted, for low self-monitors actuakideal religious self-discrepancies led to increased negative affect, but actuakother discrepancies did not. For high self-monitors, however, neither actuakideal nor actuakother self-discrepancies led to increased negative affect.","abstract_html":"According to Higgins's (1987) self-discrepancy theory, an individual's selfesteem is based upon fulfilling one's self-expectations or the expectations of significant others (e.g., spouse or parent). Failure to live up to these expectations results in greater levels of depression, anxiety, and lower self-esteem. Previous research has also found that those low in Snyder and Gangestad's (1986) self-monitoring construct are more influenced by their own expectations, while those high in self-monitoring are more influenced by others' expectations. It was predicted that Christians who are low in self-monitoring will have greater levels of depression and anxiety and lower self-esteem if they fail to fulfill their own religious expectations, whereas Christians who are high in self-monitoring would have greater levels of depression and anxiety and lower self-esteem if they fail to meet the religious expectations of significant others. As predicted, for low self-monitors actuakideal religious self-discrepancies led to increased negative affect, but actuakother discrepancies did not. For high self-monitors, however, neither actuakideal nor actuakother self-discrepancies led to increased negative affect.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Parker, John"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Arts","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Department of Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2004,"date_issued":"2004-05-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2004-05-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:07:35Z","subjects":["Mental and Social Health","Psychology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/509","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Parker, John"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Department of Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Mental and Social Health","Psychology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/509"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["According to Higgins's (1987) self-discrepancy theory, an individual's selfesteem is based upon fulfilling one's self-expectations or the expectations of significant others (e.g., spouse or parent). Failure to live up to these expectations results in greater levels of depression, anxiety, and lower self-esteem. Previous research has also found that those low in Snyder and Gangestad's (1986) self-monitoring construct are more influenced by their own expectations, while those high in self-monitoring are more influenced by others' expectations. It was predicted that Christians who are low in self-monitoring will have greater levels of depression and anxiety and lower self-esteem if they fail to fulfill their own religious expectations, whereas Christians who are high in self-monitoring would have greater levels of depression and anxiety and lower self-esteem if they fail to meet the religious expectations of significant others. As predicted, for low self-monitors actuakideal religious self-discrepancies led to increased negative affect, but actuakother discrepancies did not. For high self-monitors, however, neither actuakideal nor actuakother self-discrepancies led to increased negative affect."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Effects of Self-Monitoring and Religious Self-Discrepancies on Negative Affect"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Parker, John"],"dc:description.abstract":["According to Higgins's (1987) self-discrepancy theory, an individual's selfesteem is based upon fulfilling one's self-expectations or the expectations of significant others (e.g., spouse or parent). Failure to live up to these expectations results in greater levels of depression, anxiety, and lower self-esteem. Previous research has also found that those low in Snyder and Gangestad's (1986) self-monitoring construct are more influenced by their own expectations, while those high in self-monitoring are more influenced by others' expectations. It was predicted that Christians who are low in self-monitoring will have greater levels of depression and anxiety and lower self-esteem if they fail to fulfill their own religious expectations, whereas Christians who are high in self-monitoring would have greater levels of depression and anxiety and lower self-esteem if they fail to meet the religious expectations of significant others. As predicted, for low self-monitors actuakideal religious self-discrepancies led to increased negative affect, but actuakother discrepancies did not. For high self-monitors, however, neither actuakideal nor actuakother self-discrepancies led to increased negative affect."],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/509"],"dc:subject":["Mental and Social Health","Psychology"],"dc:title":["The Effects of Self-Monitoring and Religious Self-Discrepancies on Negative Affect"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Department of Psychology"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:07:35Z"}