{"id":{"repo_id":"wichita-thes","oai_identifier":"oai:soar.wichita.edu:10057/3657"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/wichita-thes/oai:soar.wichita.edu:10057/3657","repository":{"repo_id":"wichita-thes","name":"Wichita State University","base_url":"https://soar.wichita.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Wideband energy reflectance measurements: normative study and effects of negative and compensated middle ear pressures","abstract":"Conventional clinical procedures for middle ear assessment have been used for several decades but have shown limitations. Application of a new technology, wideband energy reflectance (ER), has shown great potential. The ER measurement determines the proportion of acoustic energy reflected by the middle ear, across a broad frequency range. Negative middle ear pressure (MEP) is a highly prevalent, and mostly transient, form of middle ear dysfunction which effects ER measurement. Goals of the present study were to examine various factors relating to the ER test: (1) test-retest reliability, (2) the effects of pressure manipulations, (3) the effects of negative MEP, and (4) the effectiveness of a corresponding compensation procedure. Data were collected in 48 adults and analyzed across the frequency range from 0.223 to 8 kHz. Measurements were conducted using both ambient and dynamic pressure methods, under three conditions: normal MEP, negative MEP, and compensated negative MEP. Correlation between immediately repeated tests were strong for all frequencies. The sweeping pressure procedure caused ER reduction for a few frequencies but differences were small. Thirty-five subjects were able to produce a negative MEP ranging from -40 to -220 daPa. Negative MEP increased ER at low- and mid-frequencies while decreasing ER at high-frequencies. Magnitude of changes and frequency at which maximum change occurred increased when MEP became more negative. Compensated negative MEP reduced ER at low- and mid-frequencies but increased ER at high- frequencies. The present study demonstrated that negative MEP altered ER in a frequency-specific pattern. The compensation procedure eliminated the effects of negative MEP. Immediate test-retest reliability of the ambient ER test was excellent. Both probe reinsertion and manipulation of the ear canal and middle ear pressure produced minimal effects.","abstract_html":"Conventional clinical procedures for middle ear assessment have been used for several decades but have shown limitations. Application of a new technology, wideband energy reflectance (ER), has shown great potential. The ER measurement determines the proportion of acoustic energy reflected by the middle ear, across a broad frequency range. Negative middle ear pressure (MEP) is a highly prevalent, and mostly transient, form of middle ear dysfunction which effects ER measurement. Goals of the present study were to examine various factors relating to the ER test: (1) test-retest reliability, (2) the effects of pressure manipulations, (3) the effects of negative MEP, and (4) the effectiveness of a corresponding compensation procedure. Data were collected in 48 adults and analyzed across the frequency range from 0.223 to 8 kHz. Measurements were conducted using both ambient and dynamic pressure methods, under three conditions: normal MEP, negative MEP, and compensated negative MEP. Correlation between immediately repeated tests were strong for all frequencies. The sweeping pressure procedure caused ER reduction for a few frequencies but differences were small. Thirty-five subjects were able to produce a negative MEP ranging from -40 to -220 daPa. Negative MEP increased ER at low- and mid-frequencies while decreasing ER at high-frequencies. Magnitude of changes and frequency at which maximum change occurred increased when MEP became more negative. Compensated negative MEP reduced ER at low- and mid-frequencies but increased ER at high- frequencies. The present study demonstrated that negative MEP altered ER in a frequency-specific pattern. The compensation procedure eliminated the effects of negative MEP. Immediate test-retest reliability of the ambient ER test was excellent. Both probe reinsertion and manipulation of the ear canal and middle ear pressure produced minimal effects.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Shaver, Mark D."],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2010,"date_issued":"2010-12","date_published":"2010-12","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:06:46Z","subjects":[],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["hdl:10057/3657"],"render_values":[{"text":"hdl:10057/3657","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2010-12"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Dissertation"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["hdl:10057/3657"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.other","label":"Dc Description Other","values":["Conventional clinical procedures for middle ear assessment have been used for several decades but have shown limitations. Application of a new technology, wideband energy reflectance (ER), has shown great potential. The ER measurement determines the proportion of acoustic energy reflected by the middle ear, across a broad frequency range. Negative middle ear pressure (MEP) is a highly prevalent, and mostly transient, form of middle ear dysfunction which effects ER measurement. Goals of the present study were to examine various factors relating to the ER test: (1) test-retest reliability, (2) the effects of pressure manipulations, (3) the effects of negative MEP, and (4) the effectiveness of a corresponding compensation procedure. Data were collected in 48 adults and analyzed across the frequency range from 0.223 to 8 kHz. Measurements were conducted using both ambient and dynamic pressure methods, under three conditions: normal MEP, negative MEP, and compensated negative MEP. Correlation between immediately repeated tests were strong for all frequencies. The sweeping pressure procedure caused ER reduction for a few frequencies but differences were small. Thirty-five subjects were able to produce a negative MEP ranging from -40 to -220 daPa. Negative MEP increased ER at low- and mid-frequencies while decreasing ER at high-frequencies. Magnitude of changes and frequency at which maximum change occurred increased when MEP became more negative. Compensated negative MEP reduced ER at low- and mid-frequencies but increased ER at high- frequencies. The present study demonstrated that negative MEP altered ER in a frequency-specific pattern. The compensation procedure eliminated the effects of negative MEP. Immediate test-retest reliability of the ambient ER test was excellent. Both probe reinsertion and manipulation of the ear canal and middle ear pressure produced minimal effects."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Wideband energy reflectance measurements: normative study and effects of negative and compensated middle ear pressures"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:date.issued":["2010-12"],"dc:description.other":["Conventional clinical procedures for middle ear assessment have been used for several decades but have shown limitations. Application of a new technology, wideband energy reflectance (ER), has shown great potential. The ER measurement determines the proportion of acoustic energy reflected by the middle ear, across a broad frequency range. Negative middle ear pressure (MEP) is a highly prevalent, and mostly transient, form of middle ear dysfunction which effects ER measurement. Goals of the present study were to examine various factors relating to the ER test: (1) test-retest reliability, (2) the effects of pressure manipulations, (3) the effects of negative MEP, and (4) the effectiveness of a corresponding compensation procedure. Data were collected in 48 adults and analyzed across the frequency range from 0.223 to 8 kHz. Measurements were conducted using both ambient and dynamic pressure methods, under three conditions: normal MEP, negative MEP, and compensated negative MEP. Correlation between immediately repeated tests were strong for all frequencies. The sweeping pressure procedure caused ER reduction for a few frequencies but differences were small. Thirty-five subjects were able to produce a negative MEP ranging from -40 to -220 daPa. Negative MEP increased ER at low- and mid-frequencies while decreasing ER at high-frequencies. Magnitude of changes and frequency at which maximum change occurred increased when MEP became more negative. Compensated negative MEP reduced ER at low- and mid-frequencies but increased ER at high- frequencies. The present study demonstrated that negative MEP altered ER in a frequency-specific pattern. The compensation procedure eliminated the effects of negative MEP. Immediate test-retest reliability of the ambient ER test was excellent. Both probe reinsertion and manipulation of the ear canal and middle ear pressure produced minimal effects."],"dc:identifier":["hdl:10057/3657"],"dc:title":["Wideband energy reflectance measurements: normative study and effects of negative and compensated middle ear pressures"],"dc:type":["Dissertation"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:06:46Z"}