{"id":{"repo_id":"wfu","oai_identifier":"oai:wakespace.lib.wfu.edu:10339/90729"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/wfu/oai:wakespace.lib.wfu.edu:10339/90729","repository":{"repo_id":"wfu","name":"Wake Forest University","base_url":"https://wakespace.lib.wfu.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT OF BRACHIAL ARTERY FLOW-MEDIATED DILATION FOLLOWING ACUTE KOMBUCHA TEA CONSUMPTION IN HEALTHY MEN","abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Endothelial dysfunction has been accepted as the first step in the atherogenic process. Chronic tea consumption is inversely related to cardiovascular disease, and short-term ingestion can transiently improve endothelial function using percent change in flow mediated dilation (FMD%) as an index. Kombucha tea has many claimed health benefits, including the ability to improve endothelial function; although this has not been scientifically investigated. AIM: The primary aim was to compare acute ingestion of black and Kombucha tea on FMD% at three time points following consumption. METHODS: Four healthy men received black or Kombucha tea in a randomized, double blinded cross-over design. FMD% was analyzed at baseline, immediately, 2, and 4 hours following consumption of the test drinks. RESULTS: For FMD%, no significant main effects for treatment or treatment*time were seen (P > 0.05). Significant main effect for time (P = 0.012) with post hoc analysis indicating no significant difference between time periods (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Individuals responded to black and Kombucha tea differently, but grouped means influenced FMD% similarly demonstrating potential benefits for vascular health based on consumption of both tea varieties. However, the small homogenous sample limits the interpretation and application of these findings.","abstract_html":"INTRODUCTION: Endothelial dysfunction has been accepted as the first step in the atherogenic process. Chronic tea consumption is inversely related to cardiovascular disease, and short-term ingestion can transiently improve endothelial function using percent change in flow mediated dilation (FMD%) as an index. Kombucha tea has many claimed health benefits, including the ability to improve endothelial function; although this has not been scientifically investigated. AIM: The primary aim was to compare acute ingestion of black and Kombucha tea on FMD% at three time points following consumption. METHODS: Four healthy men received black or Kombucha tea in a randomized, double blinded cross-over design. FMD% was analyzed at baseline, immediately, 2, and 4 hours following consumption of the test drinks. RESULTS: For FMD%, no significant main effects for treatment or treatment*time were seen (P > 0.05). Significant main effect for time (P = 0.012) with post hoc analysis indicating no significant difference between time periods (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Individuals responded to black and Kombucha tea differently, but grouped means influenced FMD% similarly demonstrating potential benefits for vascular health based on consumption of both tea varieties. However, the small homogenous sample limits the interpretation and application of these findings.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["McMillan, Neil James"],"institution":"Wake Forest University","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018","date_published":"2018","updated_at":"2026-07-27T22:02:17Z","subjects":["Black Tea"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10339/90729","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["McMillan, Neil James"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2018-05-24T08:36:09Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2018-05-24T08:36:09Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2018"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Wake Forest University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Black Tea"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10339/90729"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["INTRODUCTION: Endothelial dysfunction has been accepted as the first step in the atherogenic process. Chronic tea consumption is inversely related to cardiovascular disease, and short-term ingestion can transiently improve endothelial function using percent change in flow mediated dilation (FMD%) as an index. Kombucha tea has many claimed health benefits, including the ability to improve endothelial function; although this has not been scientifically investigated. AIM: The primary aim was to compare acute ingestion of black and Kombucha tea on FMD% at three time points following consumption. METHODS: Four healthy men received black or Kombucha tea in a randomized, double blinded cross-over design. FMD% was analyzed at baseline, immediately, 2, and 4 hours following consumption of the test drinks. RESULTS: For FMD%, no significant main effects for treatment or treatment*time were seen (P > 0.05). Significant main effect for time (P = 0.012) with post hoc analysis indicating no significant difference between time periods (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Individuals responded to black and Kombucha tea differently, but grouped means influenced FMD% similarly demonstrating potential benefits for vascular health based on consumption of both tea varieties. However, the small homogenous sample limits the interpretation and application of these findings."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT OF BRACHIAL ARTERY FLOW-MEDIATED DILATION FOLLOWING ACUTE KOMBUCHA TEA CONSUMPTION IN HEALTHY MEN"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["McMillan, Neil James"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2018-05-24T08:36:09Z"],"dc:date.available":["2018-05-24T08:36:09Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2018"],"dc:description.abstract":["INTRODUCTION: Endothelial dysfunction has been accepted as the first step in the atherogenic process. Chronic tea consumption is inversely related to cardiovascular disease, and short-term ingestion can transiently improve endothelial function using percent change in flow mediated dilation (FMD%) as an index. Kombucha tea has many claimed health benefits, including the ability to improve endothelial function; although this has not been scientifically investigated. AIM: The primary aim was to compare acute ingestion of black and Kombucha tea on FMD% at three time points following consumption. METHODS: Four healthy men received black or Kombucha tea in a randomized, double blinded cross-over design. FMD% was analyzed at baseline, immediately, 2, and 4 hours following consumption of the test drinks. RESULTS: For FMD%, no significant main effects for treatment or treatment*time were seen (P > 0.05). Significant main effect for time (P = 0.012) with post hoc analysis indicating no significant difference between time periods (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Individuals responded to black and Kombucha tea differently, but grouped means influenced FMD% similarly demonstrating potential benefits for vascular health based on consumption of both tea varieties. However, the small homogenous sample limits the interpretation and application of these findings."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10339/90729"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Wake Forest University"],"dc:subject":["Black Tea"],"dc:title":["ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT OF BRACHIAL ARTERY FLOW-MEDIATED DILATION FOLLOWING ACUTE KOMBUCHA TEA CONSUMPTION IN HEALTHY MEN"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T22:02:17Z"}