{"id":{"repo_id":"wfu","oai_identifier":"oai:wakespace.lib.wfu.edu:10339/30396"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/wfu/oai:wakespace.lib.wfu.edu:10339/30396","repository":{"repo_id":"wfu","name":"Wake Forest University","base_url":"https://wakespace.lib.wfu.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Fair Treatment? African-American Presence at International Expositions in the South, 1884 - 1902","abstract":"The South hosted four major international expositions between 1884 and 1902 in New Orleans, Atlanta, Nashville, and Charleston. African Americans were granted a surprisingly high level of recognition at these fairs given their status as second-class citizens, and the rise of Jim Crow, disfranchisement, and racial violence during this time period. This study examines the details of African-American presence and representation at each of these fairs and how the changing state of race relations in the South at the turn of the century influenced interactions between blacks and whites at the expositions.","abstract_html":"The South hosted four major international expositions between 1884 and 1902 in New Orleans, Atlanta, Nashville, and Charleston. African Americans were granted a surprisingly high level of recognition at these fairs given their status as second-class citizens, and the rise of Jim Crow, disfranchisement, and racial violence during this time period. This study examines the details of African-American presence and representation at each of these fairs and how the changing state of race relations in the South at the turn of the century influenced interactions between blacks and whites at the expositions.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Cromwell, Sara S."],"institution":"Wake Forest University","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2010,"date_issued":"2010","date_published":"2010","updated_at":"2026-07-27T22:01:07Z","subjects":["African American"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10339/30396","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Cromwell, Sara S."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2011-02-16T21:42:14Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2011-02-16T21:42:14Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2010"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Wake Forest University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["African American"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10339/30396"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The South hosted four major international expositions between 1884 and 1902 in New Orleans, Atlanta, Nashville, and Charleston. African Americans were granted a surprisingly high level of recognition at these fairs given their status as second-class citizens, and the rise of Jim Crow, disfranchisement, and racial violence during this time period. This study examines the details of African-American presence and representation at each of these fairs and how the changing state of race relations in the South at the turn of the century influenced interactions between blacks and whites at the expositions."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Fair Treatment? African-American Presence at International Expositions in the South, 1884 - 1902"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Cromwell, Sara S."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2011-02-16T21:42:14Z"],"dc:date.available":["2011-02-16T21:42:14Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2010"],"dc:description.abstract":["The South hosted four major international expositions between 1884 and 1902 in New Orleans, Atlanta, Nashville, and Charleston. African Americans were granted a surprisingly high level of recognition at these fairs given their status as second-class citizens, and the rise of Jim Crow, disfranchisement, and racial violence during this time period. This study examines the details of African-American presence and representation at each of these fairs and how the changing state of race relations in the South at the turn of the century influenced interactions between blacks and whites at the expositions."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10339/30396"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Wake Forest University"],"dc:subject":["African American"],"dc:title":["Fair Treatment? African-American Presence at International Expositions in the South, 1884 - 1902"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T22:01:07Z"}