{"id":{"repo_id":"westminster","oai_identifier":"oai:westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk:x7489"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/westminster/oai:westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk:x7489","repository":{"repo_id":"westminster","name":"University of Westminster","base_url":"https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/oai2"},"display":{"title":"Abstract True-Push-Communication Integrated Style for Rich Web-based Applications","abstract":"Rich Web-based Applications provide a higher user experience compared to traditional web applications using rich graphical user interfaces and the advanced Delta-Communication model to communicate with the server. Delta-Communication works in both pull and push modes. Pull-communication is based on the request-response model, and Push-Communication can be implemented by either exploiting the request-response model to simulate Push-Communication or implementing True-Push-Communication by using a technology like WebSocket, for the server to push data to the client(s) without receiving a request(s) from the same clients. RiWAArch style is an abstract hybrid architectural style that realises the formalism of pull-communication-based Rich Web-based Applications. Rich Web-based Applications benefit from Push-Communication-based functionalities like push notifications and real-time updates; however, there are no abstract architectural styles which can realise the integration of True-Push-Communication into Rich Web-based Applications. Software architecture provides an overall picture of a system and assists in realising the system by depicting the configuration of the architectural elements: components, connectors, and data. Architectural styles are used to design software architectures. This research aims to introduce an abstract hybrid architectural style, which can realise the integration of True-Push-Communication into Rich Web-based Applications and then demonstrate the adoption of the introduced style via a comprehensive use case. The approach utilised is to extend the RiWAArch style – introduced by the author's early research to fulfil an MPhil study – to realise True-Push-Communication. The resulting style is called the Extended-RiWAArch style (Ex-RiWAArch style in short). This research has identified the common characteristics and essential features for Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications as follows. Common characteristics: push-simulation and True-Push-Communication, push-events triggered in the server, and real-time vs non-real-time Push-Communication. Common essential features: support for push-modes, True-Push-Delta-Communication connectors, and decision-making component for True-Push-Communication. The features to be expected from an architectural style to support these common characteristics and essential features are identified as follows: realise True-Push-Communication and push-modes, include elements for True-Push-Delta-Communication handling in server and client, ability to make True-Push-Communication-related decision making, and support for the standard general functionalities of Rich Web-based Applications. It has been decided that a style should satisfy the following requirements to deliver the features mentioned above: FR1 – realise True-Push-Communication and push-modes, FR2 – centralized True-Push-Delta-Communication handling in server and client, FR3 – True-Push-Communication-related decision-making, FR4 – support the standard general functionalities of Rich Web-based Applications, NFRs – simplicity, visibility, reusability, modifiability (evolvability, extensibility, customizability, and configurability), scalability, performance, portability/adoptability, reliability, TR1 – platform independency, TR2 – development technology/technique independency, and TR3 – low learning curve and easy adoptability. The functional requirements are exploited as constraints to derive the proposed Ex-RiWAArch style. The non-functional requirements are induced while deriving the style. The technical requirements ensure the abstraction of the resulting style. First, by applying constraint 1 to the client-server style, the True-Push-Communication style is derived and proved that it could realise the push-modes. Then, constraint 2 introduces Delta-Communication connectors to the server and client. After that, constraint 3 introduces a model to support Push-Communication-related decision-making while deriving the Smart True-Push-Communication style. Then, constraint 4 integrates the Smart True-Push-Communication style into the RiWAArch style, extending it to realise True-Push-Communication. Finally, some improvements are applied to complete the proposed Ex-RiWAArch style. Also, using some augmentations, an enhanced version is introduced. Further, based on the enhancements applied to the Ex-RiWAArch style, the RiWAArch style is also improved, and an enhanced version is introduced. The adoption of the introduced Ex-RiWAArch style is demonstrated using a comprehensive use case, which implements all the features of the Ex-RiWAArch style. The self-evaluation verifies that the Ex-RiWAArch style strongly satisfies all the requirements within the study context. The contextualised comparison shows that the Ex-RiWAArch style highly satisfies the requirements compared to the available solutions. The expert evaluation confirms that the Ex-RiWAArch style satisfies the requirements, and it is a valuable style for True-Push-Communication enabled Rich Web-based Applications. The satisfaction of the requirements confirms that the introduced Ex-RiWAArch style delivers the expected features. These features assist in implementing the common characteristics and essential features of the Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications. The introduction of the Ex-RiWAArch style, which can strongly satisfy the requirements, proves the research hypotheses and confirms the fulfilment of the research aim. This thesis contributes the following to the domain of True-Push-Communication-integrated Rich Web-based Applications: terms and definitions (push-simulation, True-Push-Communication, push-events), features of Push-Communication, common characteristics and essential features of Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications, the concept of True-Push-Communication as a style and Smart True-Push-Communication style, the Ex-RiWAArch style, revised and enhanced versions of the RiWAArch style, and a use case to demonstrate adoption of the Ex-RiWAArch style. This research’s scope is limited to browser-based 3-tier Rich Web-based Applications and keeps non-functional requirements like availability, security, integrity, and usability out of scope. The adoption of different technologies/techniques into Ex-RiWAArch style-based development should be experimented with and discussed. Also, this thesis refrained from addressing Rich Web-based Application engineering activities like designing and testing.","abstract_html":"Rich Web-based Applications provide a higher user experience compared to traditional web applications using rich graphical user interfaces and the advanced Delta-Communication model to communicate with the server. Delta-Communication works in both pull and push modes. Pull-communication is based on the request-response model, and Push-Communication can be implemented by either exploiting the request-response model to simulate Push-Communication or implementing True-Push-Communication by using a technology like WebSocket, for the server to push data to the client(s) without receiving a request(s) from the same clients. RiWAArch style is an abstract hybrid architectural style that realises the formalism of pull-communication-based Rich Web-based Applications. Rich Web-based Applications benefit from Push-Communication-based functionalities like push notifications and real-time updates; however, there are no abstract architectural styles which can realise the integration of True-Push-Communication into Rich Web-based Applications. Software architecture provides an overall picture of a system and assists in realising the system by depicting the configuration of the architectural elements: components, connectors, and data. Architectural styles are used to design software architectures. This research aims to introduce an abstract hybrid architectural style, which can realise the integration of True-Push-Communication into Rich Web-based Applications and then demonstrate the adoption of the introduced style via a comprehensive use case. The approach utilised is to extend the RiWAArch style – introduced by the author's early research to fulfil an MPhil study – to realise True-Push-Communication. The resulting style is called the Extended-RiWAArch style (Ex-RiWAArch style in short). This research has identified the common characteristics and essential features for Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications as follows. Common characteristics: push-simulation and True-Push-Communication, push-events triggered in the server, and real-time vs non-real-time Push-Communication. Common essential features: support for push-modes, True-Push-Delta-Communication connectors, and decision-making component for True-Push-Communication. The features to be expected from an architectural style to support these common characteristics and essential features are identified as follows: realise True-Push-Communication and push-modes, include elements for True-Push-Delta-Communication handling in server and client, ability to make True-Push-Communication-related decision making, and support for the standard general functionalities of Rich Web-based Applications. It has been decided that a style should satisfy the following requirements to deliver the features mentioned above: FR1 – realise True-Push-Communication and push-modes, FR2 – centralized True-Push-Delta-Communication handling in server and client, FR3 – True-Push-Communication-related decision-making, FR4 – support the standard general functionalities of Rich Web-based Applications, NFRs – simplicity, visibility, reusability, modifiability (evolvability, extensibility, customizability, and configurability), scalability, performance, portability/adoptability, reliability, TR1 – platform independency, TR2 – development technology/technique independency, and TR3 – low learning curve and easy adoptability. The functional requirements are exploited as constraints to derive the proposed Ex-RiWAArch style. The non-functional requirements are induced while deriving the style. The technical requirements ensure the abstraction of the resulting style. First, by applying constraint 1 to the client-server style, the True-Push-Communication style is derived and proved that it could realise the push-modes. Then, constraint 2 introduces Delta-Communication connectors to the server and client. After that, constraint 3 introduces a model to support Push-Communication-related decision-making while deriving the Smart True-Push-Communication style. Then, constraint 4 integrates the Smart True-Push-Communication style into the RiWAArch style, extending it to realise True-Push-Communication. Finally, some improvements are applied to complete the proposed Ex-RiWAArch style. Also, using some augmentations, an enhanced version is introduced. Further, based on the enhancements applied to the Ex-RiWAArch style, the RiWAArch style is also improved, and an enhanced version is introduced. The adoption of the introduced Ex-RiWAArch style is demonstrated using a comprehensive use case, which implements all the features of the Ex-RiWAArch style. The self-evaluation verifies that the Ex-RiWAArch style strongly satisfies all the requirements within the study context. The contextualised comparison shows that the Ex-RiWAArch style highly satisfies the requirements compared to the available solutions. The expert evaluation confirms that the Ex-RiWAArch style satisfies the requirements, and it is a valuable style for True-Push-Communication enabled Rich Web-based Applications. The satisfaction of the requirements confirms that the introduced Ex-RiWAArch style delivers the expected features. These features assist in implementing the common characteristics and essential features of the Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications. The introduction of the Ex-RiWAArch style, which can strongly satisfy the requirements, proves the research hypotheses and confirms the fulfilment of the research aim. This thesis contributes the following to the domain of True-Push-Communication-integrated Rich Web-based Applications: terms and definitions (push-simulation, True-Push-Communication, push-events), features of Push-Communication, common characteristics and essential features of Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications, the concept of True-Push-Communication as a style and Smart True-Push-Communication style, the Ex-RiWAArch style, revised and enhanced versions of the RiWAArch style, and a use case to demonstrate adoption of the Ex-RiWAArch style. This research’s scope is limited to browser-based 3-tier Rich Web-based Applications and keeps non-functional requirements like availability, security, integrity, and usability out of scope. The adoption of different technologies/techniques into Ex-RiWAArch style-based development should be experimented with and discussed. Also, this thesis refrained from addressing Rich Web-based Application engineering activities like designing and testing.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Dissanayake, N."],"institution":"Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology","degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy in Software Engineering","degree_level":"PhD thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025","date_published":"2025","updated_at":"2026-08-21T22:21:56Z","subjects":["Rich Web-based Application","Software Architectural Style","Push Communication"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oai:westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk:x7489"],"render_values":[{"text":"oai:westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk:x7489","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"source_record":{"url":"https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/oai2?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=uketd_dc&identifier=oai%3Awestminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk%3Ax7489","prefix":"uketd_dc"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Dissanayake, N."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2025"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2025"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Department of Information Technology"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology"]},{"key":"dc:relation","label":"Dc Relation","values":["https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/x7489/abstract-true-push-communication-integrated-style-for-rich-web-based-applications"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/x7489/abstract-true-push-communication-integrated-style-for-rich-web-based-applications"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis or dissertation"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["PhD thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["Doctor of Philosophy in Software Engineering"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Rich Web-based Application","Software Architectural Style","Push Communication"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oai:westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk:x7489"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Rich Web-based Applications provide a higher user experience compared to traditional web applications using rich graphical user interfaces and the advanced Delta-Communication model to communicate with the server. Delta-Communication works in both pull and push modes. Pull-communication is based on the request-response model, and Push-Communication can be implemented by either exploiting the request-response model to simulate Push-Communication or implementing True-Push-Communication by using a technology like WebSocket, for the server to push data to the client(s) without receiving a request(s) from the same clients. RiWAArch style is an abstract hybrid architectural style that realises the formalism of pull-communication-based Rich Web-based Applications. Rich Web-based Applications benefit from Push-Communication-based functionalities like push notifications and real-time updates; however, there are no abstract architectural styles which can realise the integration of True-Push-Communication into Rich Web-based Applications. Software architecture provides an overall picture of a system and assists in realising the system by depicting the configuration of the architectural elements: components, connectors, and data. Architectural styles are used to design software architectures. This research aims to introduce an abstract hybrid architectural style, which can realise the integration of True-Push-Communication into Rich Web-based Applications and then demonstrate the adoption of the introduced style via a comprehensive use case. The approach utilised is to extend the RiWAArch style – introduced by the author's early research to fulfil an MPhil study – to realise True-Push-Communication. The resulting style is called the Extended-RiWAArch style (Ex-RiWAArch style in short). This research has identified the common characteristics and essential features for Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications as follows. Common characteristics: push-simulation and True-Push-Communication, push-events triggered in the server, and real-time vs non-real-time Push-Communication. Common essential features: support for push-modes, True-Push-Delta-Communication connectors, and decision-making component for True-Push-Communication. The features to be expected from an architectural style to support these common characteristics and essential features are identified as follows: realise True-Push-Communication and push-modes, include elements for True-Push-Delta-Communication handling in server and client, ability to make True-Push-Communication-related decision making, and support for the standard general functionalities of Rich Web-based Applications. It has been decided that a style should satisfy the following requirements to deliver the features mentioned above: FR1 – realise True-Push-Communication and push-modes, FR2 – centralized True-Push-Delta-Communication handling in server and client, FR3 – True-Push-Communication-related decision-making, FR4 – support the standard general functionalities of Rich Web-based Applications, NFRs – simplicity, visibility, reusability, modifiability (evolvability, extensibility, customizability, and configurability), scalability, performance, portability/adoptability, reliability, TR1 – platform independency, TR2 – development technology/technique independency, and TR3 – low learning curve and easy adoptability. The functional requirements are exploited as constraints to derive the proposed Ex-RiWAArch style. The non-functional requirements are induced while deriving the style. The technical requirements ensure the abstraction of the resulting style. First, by applying constraint 1 to the client-server style, the True-Push-Communication style is derived and proved that it could realise the push-modes. Then, constraint 2 introduces Delta-Communication connectors to the server and client. After that, constraint 3 introduces a model to support Push-Communication-related decision-making while deriving the Smart True-Push-Communication style. Then, constraint 4 integrates the Smart True-Push-Communication style into the RiWAArch style, extending it to realise True-Push-Communication. Finally, some improvements are applied to complete the proposed Ex-RiWAArch style. Also, using some augmentations, an enhanced version is introduced. Further, based on the enhancements applied to the Ex-RiWAArch style, the RiWAArch style is also improved, and an enhanced version is introduced. The adoption of the introduced Ex-RiWAArch style is demonstrated using a comprehensive use case, which implements all the features of the Ex-RiWAArch style. The self-evaluation verifies that the Ex-RiWAArch style strongly satisfies all the requirements within the study context. The contextualised comparison shows that the Ex-RiWAArch style highly satisfies the requirements compared to the available solutions. The expert evaluation confirms that the Ex-RiWAArch style satisfies the requirements, and it is a valuable style for True-Push-Communication enabled Rich Web-based Applications. The satisfaction of the requirements confirms that the introduced Ex-RiWAArch style delivers the expected features. These features assist in implementing the common characteristics and essential features of the Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications. The introduction of the Ex-RiWAArch style, which can strongly satisfy the requirements, proves the research hypotheses and confirms the fulfilment of the research aim. This thesis contributes the following to the domain of True-Push-Communication-integrated Rich Web-based Applications: terms and definitions (push-simulation, True-Push-Communication, push-events), features of Push-Communication, common characteristics and essential features of Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications, the concept of True-Push-Communication as a style and Smart True-Push-Communication style, the Ex-RiWAArch style, revised and enhanced versions of the RiWAArch style, and a use case to demonstrate adoption of the Ex-RiWAArch style. This research’s scope is limited to browser-based 3-tier Rich Web-based Applications and keeps non-functional requirements like availability, security, integrity, and usability out of scope. The adoption of different technologies/techniques into Ex-RiWAArch style-based development should be experimented with and discussed. Also, this thesis refrained from addressing Rich Web-based Application engineering activities like designing and testing."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Rich Web-based Applications provide a higher user experience compared to traditional web applications using rich graphical user interfaces and the advanced Delta-Communication model to communicate with the server. Delta-Communication works in both pull and push modes. Pull-communication is based on the request-response model, and Push-Communication can be implemented by either exploiting the request-response model to simulate Push-Communication or implementing True-Push-Communication by using a technology like WebSocket, for the server to push data to the client(s) without receiving a request(s) from the same clients. RiWAArch style is an abstract hybrid architectural style that realises the formalism of pull-communication-based Rich Web-based Applications. Rich Web-based Applications benefit from Push-Communication-based functionalities like push notifications and real-time updates; however, there are no abstract architectural styles which can realise the integration of True-Push-Communication into Rich Web-based Applications. Software architecture provides an overall picture of a system and assists in realising the system by depicting the configuration of the architectural elements: components, connectors, and data. Architectural styles are used to design software architectures. This research aims to introduce an abstract hybrid architectural style, which can realise the integration of True-Push-Communication into Rich Web-based Applications and then demonstrate the adoption of the introduced style via a comprehensive use case. The approach utilised is to extend the RiWAArch style – introduced by the author's early research to fulfil an MPhil study – to realise True-Push-Communication. The resulting style is called the Extended-RiWAArch style (Ex-RiWAArch style in short). This research has identified the common characteristics and essential features for Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications as follows. Common characteristics: push-simulation and True-Push-Communication, push-events triggered in the server, and real-time vs non-real-time Push-Communication. Common essential features: support for push-modes, True-Push-Delta-Communication connectors, and decision-making component for True-Push-Communication. The features to be expected from an architectural style to support these common characteristics and essential features are identified as follows: realise True-Push-Communication and push-modes, include elements for True-Push-Delta-Communication handling in server and client, ability to make True-Push-Communication-related decision making, and support for the standard general functionalities of Rich Web-based Applications. It has been decided that a style should satisfy the following requirements to deliver the features mentioned above: FR1 – realise True-Push-Communication and push-modes, FR2 – centralized True-Push-Delta-Communication handling in server and client, FR3 – True-Push-Communication-related decision-making, FR4 – support the standard general functionalities of Rich Web-based Applications, NFRs – simplicity, visibility, reusability, modifiability (evolvability, extensibility, customizability, and configurability), scalability, performance, portability/adoptability, reliability, TR1 – platform independency, TR2 – development technology/technique independency, and TR3 – low learning curve and easy adoptability. The functional requirements are exploited as constraints to derive the proposed Ex-RiWAArch style. The non-functional requirements are induced while deriving the style. The technical requirements ensure the abstraction of the resulting style. First, by applying constraint 1 to the client-server style, the True-Push-Communication style is derived and proved that it could realise the push-modes. Then, constraint 2 introduces Delta-Communication connectors to the server and client. After that, constraint 3 introduces a model to support Push-Communication-related decision-making while deriving the Smart True-Push-Communication style. Then, constraint 4 integrates the Smart True-Push-Communication style into the RiWAArch style, extending it to realise True-Push-Communication. Finally, some improvements are applied to complete the proposed Ex-RiWAArch style. Also, using some augmentations, an enhanced version is introduced. Further, based on the enhancements applied to the Ex-RiWAArch style, the RiWAArch style is also improved, and an enhanced version is introduced. The adoption of the introduced Ex-RiWAArch style is demonstrated using a comprehensive use case, which implements all the features of the Ex-RiWAArch style. The self-evaluation verifies that the Ex-RiWAArch style strongly satisfies all the requirements within the study context. The contextualised comparison shows that the Ex-RiWAArch style highly satisfies the requirements compared to the available solutions. The expert evaluation confirms that the Ex-RiWAArch style satisfies the requirements, and it is a valuable style for True-Push-Communication enabled Rich Web-based Applications. The satisfaction of the requirements confirms that the introduced Ex-RiWAArch style delivers the expected features. These features assist in implementing the common characteristics and essential features of the Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications. The introduction of the Ex-RiWAArch style, which can strongly satisfy the requirements, proves the research hypotheses and confirms the fulfilment of the research aim. This thesis contributes the following to the domain of True-Push-Communication-integrated Rich Web-based Applications: terms and definitions (push-simulation, True-Push-Communication, push-events), features of Push-Communication, common characteristics and essential features of Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications, the concept of True-Push-Communication as a style and Smart True-Push-Communication style, the Ex-RiWAArch style, revised and enhanced versions of the RiWAArch style, and a use case to demonstrate adoption of the Ex-RiWAArch style. This research’s scope is limited to browser-based 3-tier Rich Web-based Applications and keeps non-functional requirements like availability, security, integrity, and usability out of scope. The adoption of different technologies/techniques into Ex-RiWAArch style-based development should be experimented with and discussed. Also, this thesis refrained from addressing Rich Web-based Application engineering activities like designing and testing."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Abstract True-Push-Communication Integrated Style for Rich Web-based Applications"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Dissanayake, N."],"dc:date":["2025"],"dc:date.issued":["2025"],"dc:description":["Rich Web-based Applications provide a higher user experience compared to traditional web applications using rich graphical user interfaces and the advanced Delta-Communication model to communicate with the server. Delta-Communication works in both pull and push modes. Pull-communication is based on the request-response model, and Push-Communication can be implemented by either exploiting the request-response model to simulate Push-Communication or implementing True-Push-Communication by using a technology like WebSocket, for the server to push data to the client(s) without receiving a request(s) from the same clients. RiWAArch style is an abstract hybrid architectural style that realises the formalism of pull-communication-based Rich Web-based Applications. Rich Web-based Applications benefit from Push-Communication-based functionalities like push notifications and real-time updates; however, there are no abstract architectural styles which can realise the integration of True-Push-Communication into Rich Web-based Applications. Software architecture provides an overall picture of a system and assists in realising the system by depicting the configuration of the architectural elements: components, connectors, and data. Architectural styles are used to design software architectures. This research aims to introduce an abstract hybrid architectural style, which can realise the integration of True-Push-Communication into Rich Web-based Applications and then demonstrate the adoption of the introduced style via a comprehensive use case. The approach utilised is to extend the RiWAArch style – introduced by the author's early research to fulfil an MPhil study – to realise True-Push-Communication. The resulting style is called the Extended-RiWAArch style (Ex-RiWAArch style in short). This research has identified the common characteristics and essential features for Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications as follows. Common characteristics: push-simulation and True-Push-Communication, push-events triggered in the server, and real-time vs non-real-time Push-Communication. Common essential features: support for push-modes, True-Push-Delta-Communication connectors, and decision-making component for True-Push-Communication. The features to be expected from an architectural style to support these common characteristics and essential features are identified as follows: realise True-Push-Communication and push-modes, include elements for True-Push-Delta-Communication handling in server and client, ability to make True-Push-Communication-related decision making, and support for the standard general functionalities of Rich Web-based Applications. It has been decided that a style should satisfy the following requirements to deliver the features mentioned above: FR1 – realise True-Push-Communication and push-modes, FR2 – centralized True-Push-Delta-Communication handling in server and client, FR3 – True-Push-Communication-related decision-making, FR4 – support the standard general functionalities of Rich Web-based Applications, NFRs – simplicity, visibility, reusability, modifiability (evolvability, extensibility, customizability, and configurability), scalability, performance, portability/adoptability, reliability, TR1 – platform independency, TR2 – development technology/technique independency, and TR3 – low learning curve and easy adoptability. The functional requirements are exploited as constraints to derive the proposed Ex-RiWAArch style. The non-functional requirements are induced while deriving the style. The technical requirements ensure the abstraction of the resulting style. First, by applying constraint 1 to the client-server style, the True-Push-Communication style is derived and proved that it could realise the push-modes. Then, constraint 2 introduces Delta-Communication connectors to the server and client. After that, constraint 3 introduces a model to support Push-Communication-related decision-making while deriving the Smart True-Push-Communication style. Then, constraint 4 integrates the Smart True-Push-Communication style into the RiWAArch style, extending it to realise True-Push-Communication. Finally, some improvements are applied to complete the proposed Ex-RiWAArch style. Also, using some augmentations, an enhanced version is introduced. Further, based on the enhancements applied to the Ex-RiWAArch style, the RiWAArch style is also improved, and an enhanced version is introduced. The adoption of the introduced Ex-RiWAArch style is demonstrated using a comprehensive use case, which implements all the features of the Ex-RiWAArch style. The self-evaluation verifies that the Ex-RiWAArch style strongly satisfies all the requirements within the study context. The contextualised comparison shows that the Ex-RiWAArch style highly satisfies the requirements compared to the available solutions. The expert evaluation confirms that the Ex-RiWAArch style satisfies the requirements, and it is a valuable style for True-Push-Communication enabled Rich Web-based Applications. The satisfaction of the requirements confirms that the introduced Ex-RiWAArch style delivers the expected features. These features assist in implementing the common characteristics and essential features of the Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications. The introduction of the Ex-RiWAArch style, which can strongly satisfy the requirements, proves the research hypotheses and confirms the fulfilment of the research aim. This thesis contributes the following to the domain of True-Push-Communication-integrated Rich Web-based Applications: terms and definitions (push-simulation, True-Push-Communication, push-events), features of Push-Communication, common characteristics and essential features of Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications, the concept of True-Push-Communication as a style and Smart True-Push-Communication style, the Ex-RiWAArch style, revised and enhanced versions of the RiWAArch style, and a use case to demonstrate adoption of the Ex-RiWAArch style. This research’s scope is limited to browser-based 3-tier Rich Web-based Applications and keeps non-functional requirements like availability, security, integrity, and usability out of scope. The adoption of different technologies/techniques into Ex-RiWAArch style-based development should be experimented with and discussed. Also, this thesis refrained from addressing Rich Web-based Application engineering activities like designing and testing."],"dc:description.abstract":["Rich Web-based Applications provide a higher user experience compared to traditional web applications using rich graphical user interfaces and the advanced Delta-Communication model to communicate with the server. Delta-Communication works in both pull and push modes. Pull-communication is based on the request-response model, and Push-Communication can be implemented by either exploiting the request-response model to simulate Push-Communication or implementing True-Push-Communication by using a technology like WebSocket, for the server to push data to the client(s) without receiving a request(s) from the same clients. RiWAArch style is an abstract hybrid architectural style that realises the formalism of pull-communication-based Rich Web-based Applications. Rich Web-based Applications benefit from Push-Communication-based functionalities like push notifications and real-time updates; however, there are no abstract architectural styles which can realise the integration of True-Push-Communication into Rich Web-based Applications. Software architecture provides an overall picture of a system and assists in realising the system by depicting the configuration of the architectural elements: components, connectors, and data. Architectural styles are used to design software architectures. This research aims to introduce an abstract hybrid architectural style, which can realise the integration of True-Push-Communication into Rich Web-based Applications and then demonstrate the adoption of the introduced style via a comprehensive use case. The approach utilised is to extend the RiWAArch style – introduced by the author's early research to fulfil an MPhil study – to realise True-Push-Communication. The resulting style is called the Extended-RiWAArch style (Ex-RiWAArch style in short). This research has identified the common characteristics and essential features for Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications as follows. Common characteristics: push-simulation and True-Push-Communication, push-events triggered in the server, and real-time vs non-real-time Push-Communication. Common essential features: support for push-modes, True-Push-Delta-Communication connectors, and decision-making component for True-Push-Communication. The features to be expected from an architectural style to support these common characteristics and essential features are identified as follows: realise True-Push-Communication and push-modes, include elements for True-Push-Delta-Communication handling in server and client, ability to make True-Push-Communication-related decision making, and support for the standard general functionalities of Rich Web-based Applications. It has been decided that a style should satisfy the following requirements to deliver the features mentioned above: FR1 – realise True-Push-Communication and push-modes, FR2 – centralized True-Push-Delta-Communication handling in server and client, FR3 – True-Push-Communication-related decision-making, FR4 – support the standard general functionalities of Rich Web-based Applications, NFRs – simplicity, visibility, reusability, modifiability (evolvability, extensibility, customizability, and configurability), scalability, performance, portability/adoptability, reliability, TR1 – platform independency, TR2 – development technology/technique independency, and TR3 – low learning curve and easy adoptability. The functional requirements are exploited as constraints to derive the proposed Ex-RiWAArch style. The non-functional requirements are induced while deriving the style. The technical requirements ensure the abstraction of the resulting style. First, by applying constraint 1 to the client-server style, the True-Push-Communication style is derived and proved that it could realise the push-modes. Then, constraint 2 introduces Delta-Communication connectors to the server and client. After that, constraint 3 introduces a model to support Push-Communication-related decision-making while deriving the Smart True-Push-Communication style. Then, constraint 4 integrates the Smart True-Push-Communication style into the RiWAArch style, extending it to realise True-Push-Communication. Finally, some improvements are applied to complete the proposed Ex-RiWAArch style. Also, using some augmentations, an enhanced version is introduced. Further, based on the enhancements applied to the Ex-RiWAArch style, the RiWAArch style is also improved, and an enhanced version is introduced. The adoption of the introduced Ex-RiWAArch style is demonstrated using a comprehensive use case, which implements all the features of the Ex-RiWAArch style. The self-evaluation verifies that the Ex-RiWAArch style strongly satisfies all the requirements within the study context. The contextualised comparison shows that the Ex-RiWAArch style highly satisfies the requirements compared to the available solutions. The expert evaluation confirms that the Ex-RiWAArch style satisfies the requirements, and it is a valuable style for True-Push-Communication enabled Rich Web-based Applications. The satisfaction of the requirements confirms that the introduced Ex-RiWAArch style delivers the expected features. These features assist in implementing the common characteristics and essential features of the Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications. The introduction of the Ex-RiWAArch style, which can strongly satisfy the requirements, proves the research hypotheses and confirms the fulfilment of the research aim. This thesis contributes the following to the domain of True-Push-Communication-integrated Rich Web-based Applications: terms and definitions (push-simulation, True-Push-Communication, push-events), features of Push-Communication, common characteristics and essential features of Push-Communication-enabled Rich Web-based Applications, the concept of True-Push-Communication as a style and Smart True-Push-Communication style, the Ex-RiWAArch style, revised and enhanced versions of the RiWAArch style, and a use case to demonstrate adoption of the Ex-RiWAArch style. This research’s scope is limited to browser-based 3-tier Rich Web-based Applications and keeps non-functional requirements like availability, security, integrity, and usability out of scope. The adoption of different technologies/techniques into Ex-RiWAArch style-based development should be experimented with and discussed. Also, this thesis refrained from addressing Rich Web-based Application engineering activities like designing and testing."],"dc:identifier":["oai:westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk:x7489"],"dc:publisher.department":["Department of Information Technology"],"dc:publisher.institution":["Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology"],"dc:relation":["https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/x7489/abstract-true-push-communication-integrated-style-for-rich-web-based-applications"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/x7489/abstract-true-push-communication-integrated-style-for-rich-web-based-applications"],"dc:subject":["Rich Web-based Application","Software Architectural Style","Push Communication"],"dc:title":["Abstract True-Push-Communication Integrated Style for Rich Web-based Applications"],"dc:type":["Thesis or dissertation"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["PhD thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["Doctor of Philosophy in Software Engineering"]},"updated_at":"2026-08-21T22:21:56Z"}