The role of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma
type: CreativeWork
description: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy often producing aggressive tumours in adolescents. OS aetiology is poorly understood, however, recent studies suggest OS cancers contain a small population of cancer stem cells (CSC) which initiate tumour growth. The cancer stem cell hypothesis describes cancers as a hierarchical population of heterogeneous cells. It has been proposed that CSC are at the base of this hierarchy and are responsible for the initiation, growth and spread of the tumour and pose a therapeutic challenge due to enhanced chemotherapy resistance. This project had three aims: identifying whether OS cell lines contain subpopulations of putative CSC, identifying if CSC contribute to chemotherapeutic resistance and to elucidate paracrine cell signals controlling OS tumour growth. Eight OS cell lines (143B, Cal72, G292, HOS, MG63, MNNG-HOS, U2OS and SaOS-2) along with the breast cancer cell line MCF7 have been analysed for the presence of sub-population of cells expressing putative CSC markers (aldehyde dehydrogenase and CD117). The intracellular enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and tyrosine kinase receptor CD117 were found to be heterogeneously expressed amongst the cell lines. All cell lines when plated at low density could recapitulate the colony hierarchies based on variation in colony morphology (holoclones, meroclones and paraclones), this was originally observed in carcinoma cell lines and is further putative evidence a CSC hierarchy exists within these cell lines. ALDH expressing cells were found to be confined to the holoclones (in cell lines with ALDH populations comprising less than 10 % of the total population) indicating that putative CSCs reside within this population. All OS cell lines also expressed mesenchymal markers (high vimentin and CD44 expression and low e-cadherin expression) suggesting they are a progenitor of mesenchymal stem cells. The expression of CD117 was found to negatively correlate with cisplatin chemotherap…
abstract: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy often producing aggressive tumours in adolescents. OS aetiology is poorly understood, however, recent studies suggest OS cancers contain a small population of cancer stem cells (CSC) which initiate tumour growth. The cancer stem cell hypothesis describes cancers as a hierarchical population of heterogeneous cells. It has been proposed that CSC are at the base of this hierarchy and are responsible for the initiation, growth and spread of the tumour and pose a therapeutic challenge due to enhanced chemotherapy resistance. This project had three aims: identifying whether OS cell lines contain subpopulations of putative CSC, identifying if CSC contribute to chemotherapeutic resistance and to elucidate paracrine cell signals controlling OS tumour growth. Eight OS cell lines (143B, Cal72, G292, HOS, MG63, MNNG-HOS, U2OS and SaOS-2) along with the breast cancer cell line MCF7 have been analysed for the presence of sub-population of cells expressing putative CSC markers (aldehyde dehydrogenase and CD117). The intracellular enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and tyrosine kinase receptor CD117 were found to be heterogeneously expressed amongst the cell lines. All cell lines when plated at low density could recapitulate the colony hierarchies based on variation in colony morphology (holoclones, meroclones and paraclones), this was originally observed in carcinoma cell lines and is further putative evidence a CSC hierarchy exists within these cell lines. ALDH expressing cells were found to be confined to the holoclones (in cell lines with ALDH populations comprising less than 10 % of the total population) indicating that putative CSCs reside within this population. All OS cell lines also expressed mesenchymal markers (high vimentin and CD44 expression and low e-cadherin expression) suggesting they are a progenitor of mesenchymal stem cells. The expression of CD117 was found to negatively correlate with cisplatin chemotherap…
author: Jenks, A.
date published: 2014
date modified: 2026-07-24T06:02:22Z
provider: University of Westminster
publisher: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
type: WebPage
source organization: University of Westminster

PropertyValue
property ID: DOI
value: 10.34737/8yqvx