{"id":{"repo_id":"western-cape","oai_identifier":"oai:uwcscholar.uwc.ac.za:10566/10874"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/western-cape/oai:uwcscholar.uwc.ac.za:10566/10874","repository":{"repo_id":"western-cape","name":"University of the Western Cape","base_url":"https://uwcscholar.uwc.ac.za:8443/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Comparison of time taken and breakage of six different endodontic systems to prepare molar teeth","abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine duration time, breakage and apical displacement, whilst using six different endodontic filing systems to prepare molar teeth. A total of 96 molar teeth were used in the study, divided equally, ie 16 teeth per system selected randomly, totalling 48 canals per system. A standardised access cavity was prepared for all the teeth before selection. The canals were filed according to the manufacturers’ guidelines. The result showed that PROTAPER®, K3™ and the combination of: HERO Shaper®, HERO Apical® and Endoflare® (Referred from hereon as HERO System for convenience) were statistically faster than PROFILE® and FlexMaster®, which were in turn faster than AETTM. Although breakage did occur in K3™ and HERO System this was not deemed statistically significant. Apical displacement occurred in the form of Type 1 in the AETTM, PROFILE® and HERO System, but once again this was not statistically significant. It was concluded that more aggressive cutting features such as a positive rake angle, pyramidal shaped tip, progressive taper and absence of radial lands, if present, could have enabled K3™, HERO System and PROTAPER® to have faster times, and in addition these features did not compromise these systems with regard to apical foramina transportation and breakage.","abstract_html":"The purpose of this study was to determine duration time, breakage and apical displacement, whilst using six different endodontic filing systems to prepare molar teeth. A total of 96 molar teeth were used in the study, divided equally, ie 16 teeth per system selected randomly, totalling 48 canals per system. A standardised access cavity was prepared for all the teeth before selection. The canals were filed according to the manufacturers’ guidelines. The result showed that PROTAPER®, K3™ and the combination of: HERO Shaper®, HERO Apical® and Endoflare® (Referred from hereon as HERO System for convenience) were statistically faster than PROFILE® and FlexMaster®, which were in turn faster than AETTM. Although breakage did occur in K3™ and HERO System this was not deemed statistically significant. Apical displacement occurred in the form of Type 1 in the AETTM, PROFILE® and HERO System, but once again this was not statistically significant. It was concluded that more aggressive cutting features such as a positive rake angle, pyramidal shaped tip, progressive taper and absence of radial lands, if present, could have enabled K3™, HERO System and PROTAPER® to have faster times, and in addition these features did not compromise these systems with regard to apical foramina transportation and breakage.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Brittain, Roger"],"institution":"University of the Western Cape","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Saayman, C.M."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2006,"date_issued":"2006","date_published":"2006","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:00:46Z","subjects":["Endodontics","Dental pulp","Diseases","Treatment","Root canal therapy"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Saayman, C.M."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Brittain, Roger"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2006"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of the Western Cape"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/10566/10874"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Endodontics","Dental pulp","Diseases","Treatment","Root canal therapy"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://uwcscholar.uwc.ac.za/bitstreams/bd4908fc-e92b-48df-a770-1b3784c7f383/download"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of this study was to determine duration time, breakage and apical displacement, whilst using six different endodontic filing systems to prepare molar teeth. A total of 96 molar teeth were used in the study, divided equally, ie 16 teeth per system selected randomly, totalling 48 canals per system. A standardised access cavity was prepared for all the teeth before selection. The canals were filed according to the manufacturers’ guidelines. The result showed that PROTAPER®, K3™ and the combination of: HERO Shaper®, HERO Apical® and Endoflare® (Referred from hereon as HERO System for convenience) were statistically faster than PROFILE® and FlexMaster®, which were in turn faster than AETTM. Although breakage did occur in K3™ and HERO System this was not deemed statistically significant. Apical displacement occurred in the form of Type 1 in the AETTM, PROFILE® and HERO System, but once again this was not statistically significant. It was concluded that more aggressive cutting features such as a positive rake angle, pyramidal shaped tip, progressive taper and absence of radial lands, if present, could have enabled K3™, HERO System and PROTAPER® to have faster times, and in addition these features did not compromise these systems with regard to apical foramina transportation and breakage."]},{"key":"dc:format.checksum.md5","label":"Dc Format Checksum Md5","values":["aa222e78384b80b81186095d1b2ad0a0","0110b132616345584db2fcc9b5356ba6"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Comparison of time taken and breakage of six different endodontic systems to prepare molar teeth"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Saayman, C.M."],"dc:creator":["Brittain, Roger"],"dc:date.issued":["2006"],"dc:description.abstract":["The purpose of this study was to determine duration time, breakage and apical displacement, whilst using six different endodontic filing systems to prepare molar teeth. A total of 96 molar teeth were used in the study, divided equally, ie 16 teeth per system selected randomly, totalling 48 canals per system. A standardised access cavity was prepared for all the teeth before selection. The canals were filed according to the manufacturers’ guidelines. The result showed that PROTAPER®, K3™ and the combination of: HERO Shaper®, HERO Apical® and Endoflare® (Referred from hereon as HERO System for convenience) were statistically faster than PROFILE® and FlexMaster®, which were in turn faster than AETTM. Although breakage did occur in K3™ and HERO System this was not deemed statistically significant. Apical displacement occurred in the form of Type 1 in the AETTM, PROFILE® and HERO System, but once again this was not statistically significant. It was concluded that more aggressive cutting features such as a positive rake angle, pyramidal shaped tip, progressive taper and absence of radial lands, if present, could have enabled K3™, HERO System and PROTAPER® to have faster times, and in addition these features did not compromise these systems with regard to apical foramina transportation and breakage."],"dc:format.checksum.md5":["aa222e78384b80b81186095d1b2ad0a0","0110b132616345584db2fcc9b5356ba6"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://uwcscholar.uwc.ac.za/bitstreams/bd4908fc-e92b-48df-a770-1b3784c7f383/download"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of the Western Cape"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://hdl.handle.net/10566/10874"],"dc:subject":["Endodontics","Dental pulp","Diseases","Treatment","Root canal therapy"],"dc:title":["Comparison of time taken and breakage of six different endodontic systems to prepare molar teeth"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:00:46Z"}