Since 2009, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at European Organization
for Nuclear Research (CERN) has been conducting experiments in $pp$,
Pb-Pb, as well as $p$-Pb collisions with the center of mass energy
ranging $\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=0.9-5.05$~TeV. In this thesis, both,
estimates of background correlations in anisotropic flow, $v_1-v_5$,
measurements
in Pb-Pb collisions at
$\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=2.76$~TeV, and azimuthally differential pion femtoscopy
of Pb-Pb collisions are reported.
Two particle azimuthal correlations are statistically the most precise
method of measuring anisotropic flow. The main drawback of this method
is its sensitivity to the non-flow correlations, which unlike real
flow, do not have geometrical origin. Non-flow contribution can be
estimated from two particle azimuthal correlations using $pp$ data.
Measurements of the non-flow contribution using the uQ method and
Scalar Product (SP) method are reported for $pp$ collisions at
$\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=2.76$~TeV and $\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=7$~TeV for the first
through fifth harmonics.
Femtoscopy of non-central heavy-ion collisions provides access to
information on the geometry of the effective pion-emitting source. In
particular, its shape can be studied by measuring femtoscopic radii as
a function of the emission angle relative to the collision plane of
symmetry. The first measurements of azimuthally differential
femtoscopy in Pb-Pb collisions at $\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=2.76$~TeV are
reported and compared to results from RHIC experiments at lower
energies. Oscillations of the extracted radii versus the emission
angle are measured, and
$R_{side}$ and $R_{out}$
oscillations are found to be out of phase. The relative amplitude of
the $R_{side}$ oscillations decreases in more central collisions,
however always remains positive. This indicates that the source is
out-of-plane extended, similar to that observed at RHIC energies.
Results are compared to existing hydrodynamical and transport model
calculations.
","abstract_html":"<p>Since 2009, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at European Organization</p> <p>for Nuclear Research (CERN) has been conducting experiments in $pp$,</p> <p>Pb-Pb, as well as $p$-Pb collisions with the center of mass energy</p> <p>ranging \\sqrt{{s}NN}=0.9-5.05~TeV. In this thesis, both,</p> <p>estimates of background correlations in anisotropic flow, v1-v5,</p> <p>measurements</p> <p>in Pb-Pb collisions at</p> <p>\\sqrt{{s}NN}=2.76~TeV, and azimuthally differential pion femtoscopy</p> <p>of Pb-Pb collisions are reported.</p> <p>Two particle azimuthal correlations are statistically the most precise</p> <p>method of measuring anisotropic flow. The main drawback of this method</p> <p>is its sensitivity to the non-flow correlations, which unlike real</p> <p>flow, do not have geometrical origin. Non-flow contribution can be</p> <p>estimated from two particle azimuthal correlations using $pp$ data.</p> <p>Measurements of the non-flow contribution using the uQ method and</p> <p>Scalar Product (SP) method are reported for $pp$ collisions at</p> <p>\\sqrt{{s}NN}=2.76~TeV and \\sqrt{{s}NN}=7~TeV for the first</p> <p>through fifth harmonics. </p> <p>Femtoscopy of non-central heavy-ion collisions provides access to</p> <p>information on the geometry of the effective pion-emitting source. In</p> <p>particular, its shape can be studied by measuring femtoscopic radii as</p> <p>a function of the emission angle relative to the collision plane of</p> <p>symmetry. The first measurements of azimuthally differential</p> <p>femtoscopy in Pb-Pb collisions at \\sqrt{{s}NN}=2.76~TeV are</p> <p>reported and compared to results from RHIC experiments at lower</p> <p>energies. Oscillations of the extracted radii versus the emission</p> <p>angle are measured, and </p> <p>Rside and Rout</p> <p>oscillations are found to be out of phase. The relative amplitude of</p> <p>the Rside oscillations decreases in more central collisions,</p> <p>however always remains positive. This indicates that the source is</p> <p>out-of-plane extended, similar to that observed at RHIC energies.</p> <p>Results are compared to existing hydrodynamical and transport model</p> <p>calculations.</p>","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Loggins, Vera Reneee"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Open Access Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Physics and Astronomy","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Sergei Voloshin"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2014-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:59:33Z","subjects":["ALICE","anisotropic flow","azimuthal differential femtoscopy","CERN","heavy ion collisions","quark gluon plasma","Physics"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/899","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Sergei Voloshin"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Loggins, Vera Reneee"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-01-01T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Physics and Astronomy"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Open Access Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["ALICE","anisotropic flow","azimuthal differential femtoscopy","CERN","heavy ion collisions","quark gluon plasma","Physics"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/899"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Since 2009, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at European Organization
for Nuclear Research (CERN) has been conducting experiments in $pp$,
Pb-Pb, as well as $p$-Pb collisions with the center of mass energy
ranging $\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=0.9-5.05$~TeV. In this thesis, both,
estimates of background correlations in anisotropic flow, $v_1-v_5$,
measurements
in Pb-Pb collisions at
$\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=2.76$~TeV, and azimuthally differential pion femtoscopy
of Pb-Pb collisions are reported.
Two particle azimuthal correlations are statistically the most precise
method of measuring anisotropic flow. The main drawback of this method
is its sensitivity to the non-flow correlations, which unlike real
flow, do not have geometrical origin. Non-flow contribution can be
estimated from two particle azimuthal correlations using $pp$ data.
Measurements of the non-flow contribution using the uQ method and
Scalar Product (SP) method are reported for $pp$ collisions at
$\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=2.76$~TeV and $\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=7$~TeV for the first
through fifth harmonics.
Femtoscopy of non-central heavy-ion collisions provides access to
information on the geometry of the effective pion-emitting source. In
particular, its shape can be studied by measuring femtoscopic radii as
a function of the emission angle relative to the collision plane of
symmetry. The first measurements of azimuthally differential
femtoscopy in Pb-Pb collisions at $\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=2.76$~TeV are
reported and compared to results from RHIC experiments at lower
energies. Oscillations of the extracted radii versus the emission
angle are measured, and
$R_{side}$ and $R_{out}$
oscillations are found to be out of phase. The relative amplitude of
the $R_{side}$ oscillations decreases in more central collisions,
however always remains positive. This indicates that the source is
out-of-plane extended, similar to that observed at RHIC energies.
Results are compared to existing hydrodynamical and transport model
calculations.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Collective Flow And Azimuthally Differential Pion Femtoscopy With The Alice Experiment At The Lhc"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Sergei Voloshin"],"dc:creator":["Loggins, Vera Reneee"],"dc:date.available":["2014-01-01T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Since 2009, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at European Organization
for Nuclear Research (CERN) has been conducting experiments in $pp$,
Pb-Pb, as well as $p$-Pb collisions with the center of mass energy
ranging $\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=0.9-5.05$~TeV. In this thesis, both,
estimates of background correlations in anisotropic flow, $v_1-v_5$,
measurements
in Pb-Pb collisions at
$\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=2.76$~TeV, and azimuthally differential pion femtoscopy
of Pb-Pb collisions are reported.
Two particle azimuthal correlations are statistically the most precise
method of measuring anisotropic flow. The main drawback of this method
is its sensitivity to the non-flow correlations, which unlike real
flow, do not have geometrical origin. Non-flow contribution can be
estimated from two particle azimuthal correlations using $pp$ data.
Measurements of the non-flow contribution using the uQ method and
Scalar Product (SP) method are reported for $pp$ collisions at
$\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=2.76$~TeV and $\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=7$~TeV for the first
through fifth harmonics.
Femtoscopy of non-central heavy-ion collisions provides access to
information on the geometry of the effective pion-emitting source. In
particular, its shape can be studied by measuring femtoscopic radii as
a function of the emission angle relative to the collision plane of
symmetry. The first measurements of azimuthally differential
femtoscopy in Pb-Pb collisions at $\\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=2.76$~TeV are
reported and compared to results from RHIC experiments at lower
energies. Oscillations of the extracted radii versus the emission
angle are measured, and
$R_{side}$ and $R_{out}$
oscillations are found to be out of phase. The relative amplitude of
the $R_{side}$ oscillations decreases in more central collisions,
however always remains positive. This indicates that the source is
out-of-plane extended, similar to that observed at RHIC energies.
Results are compared to existing hydrodynamical and transport model
calculations.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/899"],"dc:subject":["ALICE","anisotropic flow","azimuthal differential femtoscopy","CERN","heavy ion collisions","quark gluon plasma","Physics"],"dc:title":["Collective Flow And Azimuthally Differential Pion Femtoscopy With The Alice Experiment At The Lhc"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Physics and Astronomy"],"thesis:degree_level":["Open Access Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:59:33Z"}