The purpose of this study was to examine the differential effects of Gestalt and Cognitive-Behavioral group therapy interventions on assertiveness and self-esteem among women with physical disabilities facing abuse. The eleven women, who met the study criteria, were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions, Gestalt Therapy (GT) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) group interventions. The Demographic Questionnaire (Adam Rita, 2009) documented personal characteristics of the participants. The criterion instruments were: a) RAS (Rathus, 1973), and b) CFSEI-2 (Form AD, Battle, 1992) measuring assertiveness and self-esteem respectively and were administered pre-and-post treatment. The research was conducted over a period of six weeks, totaling six weekly two-hour group sessions. It was hypothesized these interventions would help women with physical disabilities facing abuse increase their levels of assertiveness and self-esteem. To determine if the differences between groups were statistically significant for the two dependent variables, assertiveness and self-esteem, MANCOVAs within subjects contrasts and between subjects effects were examined. Based on these findings, neither Gestalt Therapy (GT) nor Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) group interventions produced statistically significant outcome effects on the dependent variables, assertiveness and self-esteem. The findings did not support the research hypotheses; therefore both null hypotheses were retained.
","abstract_html":"<p>The purpose of this study was to examine the differential effects of Gestalt and Cognitive-Behavioral group therapy interventions on assertiveness and self-esteem among women with physical disabilities facing abuse. The eleven women, who met the study criteria, were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions, Gestalt Therapy (GT) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) group interventions. The Demographic Questionnaire (Adam Rita, 2009) documented personal characteristics of the participants. The criterion instruments were: a) RAS (Rathus, 1973), and b) CFSEI-2 (Form AD, Battle, 1992) measuring assertiveness and self-esteem respectively and were administered pre-and-post treatment. The research was conducted over a period of six weeks, totaling six weekly two-hour group sessions. It was hypothesized these interventions would help women with physical disabilities facing abuse increase their levels of assertiveness and self-esteem. To determine if the differences between groups were statistically significant for the two dependent variables, assertiveness and self-esteem, MANCOVAs within subjects contrasts and between subjects effects were examined. Based on these findings, neither Gestalt Therapy (GT) nor Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) group interventions produced statistically significant outcome effects on the dependent variables, assertiveness and self-esteem. The findings did not support the research hypotheses; therefore both null hypotheses were retained.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Adam Rita, Cilene Susan"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Open Access Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Counselor Education","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Arnold B. Coven"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2010,"date_issued":"2010-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2010-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:58:35Z","subjects":["Assertiveness","Cognitive-Behavioral","Disability","Gestalt","Group Therapy","Self-esteem","Other Psychology","Physical Therapy","Women's Studies"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/72","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Arnold B. Coven"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Adam Rita, Cilene Susan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2010-09-30T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Counselor Education"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Open Access Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Assertiveness","Cognitive-Behavioral","Disability","Gestalt","Group Therapy","Self-esteem","Other Psychology","Physical Therapy","Women's Studies"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/72"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of this study was to examine the differential effects of Gestalt and Cognitive-Behavioral group therapy interventions on assertiveness and self-esteem among women with physical disabilities facing abuse. The eleven women, who met the study criteria, were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions, Gestalt Therapy (GT) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) group interventions. The Demographic Questionnaire (Adam Rita, 2009) documented personal characteristics of the participants. The criterion instruments were: a) RAS (Rathus, 1973), and b) CFSEI-2 (Form AD, Battle, 1992) measuring assertiveness and self-esteem respectively and were administered pre-and-post treatment. The research was conducted over a period of six weeks, totaling six weekly two-hour group sessions. It was hypothesized these interventions would help women with physical disabilities facing abuse increase their levels of assertiveness and self-esteem. To determine if the differences between groups were statistically significant for the two dependent variables, assertiveness and self-esteem, MANCOVAs within subjects contrasts and between subjects effects were examined. Based on these findings, neither Gestalt Therapy (GT) nor Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) group interventions produced statistically significant outcome effects on the dependent variables, assertiveness and self-esteem. The findings did not support the research hypotheses; therefore both null hypotheses were retained.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Effects Of Gestalt And Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Group Interventions On The Assertiveness And Self-Esteem Of Women With Physical Disabilities Facing Abuse"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Arnold B. Coven"],"dc:creator":["Adam Rita, Cilene Susan"],"dc:date.available":["2010-09-30T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The purpose of this study was to examine the differential effects of Gestalt and Cognitive-Behavioral group therapy interventions on assertiveness and self-esteem among women with physical disabilities facing abuse. The eleven women, who met the study criteria, were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions, Gestalt Therapy (GT) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) group interventions. The Demographic Questionnaire (Adam Rita, 2009) documented personal characteristics of the participants. The criterion instruments were: a) RAS (Rathus, 1973), and b) CFSEI-2 (Form AD, Battle, 1992) measuring assertiveness and self-esteem respectively and were administered pre-and-post treatment. The research was conducted over a period of six weeks, totaling six weekly two-hour group sessions. It was hypothesized these interventions would help women with physical disabilities facing abuse increase their levels of assertiveness and self-esteem. To determine if the differences between groups were statistically significant for the two dependent variables, assertiveness and self-esteem, MANCOVAs within subjects contrasts and between subjects effects were examined. Based on these findings, neither Gestalt Therapy (GT) nor Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) group interventions produced statistically significant outcome effects on the dependent variables, assertiveness and self-esteem. The findings did not support the research hypotheses; therefore both null hypotheses were retained.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/72"],"dc:subject":["Assertiveness","Cognitive-Behavioral","Disability","Gestalt","Group Therapy","Self-esteem","Other Psychology","Physical Therapy","Women's Studies"],"dc:title":["The Effects Of Gestalt And Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Group Interventions On The Assertiveness And Self-Esteem Of Women With Physical Disabilities Facing Abuse"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Counselor Education"],"thesis:degree_level":["Open Access Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:58:35Z"}