{"id":{"repo_id":"vu-aus","oai_identifier":"oai:eprints.vu.edu.au:15742"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vu-aus/oai:eprints.vu.edu.au:15742","repository":{"repo_id":"vu-aus","name":"Victoria University (Australia)","base_url":"https://vuir.vu.edu.au/cgi/oai2"},"display":{"title":"Variations in pedalling technique of competitive cyclists: the effect on biological efficiency","abstract":"The efficiency of pedalling technique has been a source of controversy amongst exercise scientists, coaches and cyclists for over 100 years. Biomechanically, it has been shown that orienting the pedal tangentially to the direction of motion of the crank provides the greatest force effectiveness. This is commonly referred to as \"ankling\". Ankling may enable greater mechanical efficiency but this, in itself, does not guarantee improved performance, because the greater mechanical efficiency may be at a cost of reduced biological efficiency. The effect of ankling on biological efficiency has not previously been investigated and is the primary focus of this thesis.","abstract_html":"The efficiency of pedalling technique has been a source of controversy amongst exercise scientists, coaches and cyclists for over 100 years. Biomechanically, it has been shown that orienting the pedal tangentially to the direction of motion of the crank provides the greatest force effectiveness. This is commonly referred to as "ankling". Ankling may enable greater mechanical efficiency but this, in itself, does not guarantee improved performance, because the greater mechanical efficiency may be at a cost of reduced biological efficiency. The effect of ankling on biological efficiency has not previously been investigated and is the primary focus of this thesis.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Zommers, Alfred"],"institution":"Victoria University of Technology","degree_name":"phd","degree_level":"doctoral","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2000,"date_issued":"2000","date_published":"2000","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:33:17Z","subjects":["School of Sport and Exercise Science","1106 Human Movement and Sports Science"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Zommers, Alfred"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2000"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2000"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Department of Human Movement, Recreation and Performance"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["Victoria University of Technology"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15742/"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["doctoral"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["phd"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["School of Sport and Exercise Science","1106 Human Movement and Sports Science"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15742/3/ZOMMERS%20Alfred-thesis_nosignature.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The efficiency of pedalling technique has been a source of controversy amongst exercise scientists, coaches and cyclists for over 100 years. Biomechanically, it has been shown that orienting the pedal tangentially to the direction of motion of the crank provides the greatest force effectiveness. This is commonly referred to as \"ankling\". Ankling may enable greater mechanical efficiency but this, in itself, does not guarantee improved performance, because the greater mechanical efficiency may be at a cost of reduced biological efficiency. The effect of ankling on biological efficiency has not previously been investigated and is the primary focus of this thesis."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["text"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Variations in pedalling technique of competitive cyclists: the effect on biological efficiency"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Zommers, Alfred"],"dc:date":["2000"],"dc:date.issued":["2000"],"dc:description.abstract":["The efficiency of pedalling technique has been a source of controversy amongst exercise scientists, coaches and cyclists for over 100 years. Biomechanically, it has been shown that orienting the pedal tangentially to the direction of motion of the crank provides the greatest force effectiveness. This is commonly referred to as \"ankling\". Ankling may enable greater mechanical efficiency but this, in itself, does not guarantee improved performance, because the greater mechanical efficiency may be at a cost of reduced biological efficiency. 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