{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/9564"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/9564","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Standoff Screws Used In Composite Joists","abstract":"The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the 5/16 in. diameter Elco Grade 8 standoff screw as a mechanical shear connector in composite joists. Standoff screws are being investigated as an alternative to welded shear studs in short span composite joists. The data and results obtained from 106 pushout tests performed on the Elco Grade 8 standoff screw are presented. The test parameters include: standoff screw height, quantity of standoff screws per deck rib, standoff screw position, slab depth, base angle thickness, deck type, and amount of transverse reinforcement. The test results from this study are compared to those obtained in previous research performed by Hankins (1994), and the applicability of Hankins' predictive equation for the shear strength of the Elco Grade 8 standoff screw is investigated. The influences of various test parameters on the shear strength of the standoff screw are evaluated and the effects of grouping the standoff screws in the deck ribs are examined. The performance of the standoff screw in solid slab applications is also investigated. Predictive equations for the shear strength of the Elco Grade 8 standoff screw, based on screw-related failure modes, concrete rib failures, and longitudinal splitting of solid concrete slabs, are presented.","abstract_html":"The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the 5/16 in. diameter Elco Grade 8 standoff screw as a mechanical shear connector in composite joists. Standoff screws are being investigated as an alternative to welded shear studs in short span composite joists. The data and results obtained from 106 pushout tests performed on the Elco Grade 8 standoff screw are presented. The test parameters include: standoff screw height, quantity of standoff screws per deck rib, standoff screw position, slab depth, base angle thickness, deck type, and amount of transverse reinforcement. The test results from this study are compared to those obtained in previous research performed by Hankins (1994), and the applicability of Hankins' predictive equation for the shear strength of the Elco Grade 8 standoff screw is investigated. The influences of various test parameters on the shear strength of the standoff screw are evaluated and the effects of grouping the standoff screws in the deck ribs are examined. The performance of the standoff screw in solid slab applications is also investigated. Predictive equations for the shear strength of the Elco Grade 8 standoff screw, based on screw-related failure modes, concrete rib failures, and longitudinal splitting of solid concrete slabs, are presented.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Alander, Chad C."],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Civil Engineering","degree_department":"Civil Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Easterling, William Samuel"],"committee_members":["Cousins, Thomas E.","Murray, Thomas M."],"year":1998,"date_issued":"1998-05-05","date_published":"1998-05-05","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:07Z","subjects":["shear connectors","composite joists","standoff screws"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-4798-112921"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-4798-112921","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9564","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Easterling, William Samuel"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Cousins, Thomas E.","Murray, Thomas M."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Alander, Chad C."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2011-08-04T21:31:11Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2011-08-04T21:31:11Z","1999-05-07"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1998-05-05"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["shear connectors","composite joists","standoff screws"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-4798-112921"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9564"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the 5/16 in. diameter Elco Grade 8 standoff screw as a mechanical shear connector in composite joists. Standoff screws are being investigated as an alternative to welded shear studs in short span composite joists. The data and results obtained from 106 pushout tests performed on the Elco Grade 8 standoff screw are presented. The test parameters include: standoff screw height, quantity of standoff screws per deck rib, standoff screw position, slab depth, base angle thickness, deck type, and amount of transverse reinforcement. The test results from this study are compared to those obtained in previous research performed by Hankins (1994), and the applicability of Hankins' predictive equation for the shear strength of the Elco Grade 8 standoff screw is investigated. The influences of various test parameters on the shear strength of the standoff screw are evaluated and the effects of grouping the standoff screws in the deck ribs are examined. The performance of the standoff screw in solid slab applications is also investigated. Predictive equations for the shear strength of the Elco Grade 8 standoff screw, based on screw-related failure modes, concrete rib failures, and longitudinal splitting of solid concrete slabs, are presented."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["ETD"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Standoff Screws Used In Composite Joists"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Easterling, William Samuel"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Cousins, Thomas E.","Murray, Thomas M."],"dc:contributor.department":["Civil Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Alander, Chad C."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2011-08-04T21:31:11Z"],"dc:date.available":["2011-08-04T21:31:11Z","1999-05-07"],"dc:date.issued":["1998-05-05"],"dc:description.abstract":["The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the 5/16 in. diameter Elco Grade 8 standoff screw as a mechanical shear connector in composite joists. 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Predictive equations for the shear strength of the Elco Grade 8 standoff screw, based on screw-related failure modes, concrete rib failures, and longitudinal splitting of solid concrete slabs, are presented."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["ETD"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-4798-112921"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9564"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["shear connectors","composite joists","standoff screws"],"dc:title":["Standoff Screws Used In Composite Joists"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Civil Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:07Z"}