{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/94627"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/94627","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Control Design for a Microgrid in Normal and Resiliency Modes of a Distribution System","abstract":"As inverter-based distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) penetrate within the distribution system. New challenges regarding how to utilize these devices to improve power quality arises. Before, PV systems were required to disconnect from the grid during a large disturbance, but now smart inverters are required to have dynamically controlled functions that allows them to remain connected to the grid. Monitoring power flow at the point of common coupling is one of the many functions the controller should perform. Smart inverters can inject active power to pick up critical load or inject reactive power to regulate voltage within the electric grid. In this context, this thesis focuses on a high level and local control design that incorporates DERs. Different controllers are implemented to stabilize the microgrid in an Islanding and resiliency mode. The microgrid can be used as a resiliency source when the distribution is unavailable. An average model in the D-Q frame is calculated to analyze the inherent dynamics of the current controller for the point of common coupling (PCC). The space vector approach is applied to design the voltage and frequency controller. Secondly, using inverters for Volt/VAR control (VVC) can provide a faster response for voltage regulation than traditional voltage regulation devices. Another objective of this research is to demonstrate how smart inverters and capacitor banks in the system can be used to eliminate the voltage deviation. A mixed-integer quadratic problem (MIQP) is formulated to determine the amount of reactive power that should be injected or absorbed at the appropriate nodes by inverter. The Big M method is used to address the nonconvex problem. This contribution can be used by distribution operators to minimize the voltage deviation in the system.","abstract_html":"As inverter-based distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) penetrate within the distribution system. New challenges regarding how to utilize these devices to improve power quality arises. Before, PV systems were required to disconnect from the grid during a large disturbance, but now smart inverters are required to have dynamically controlled functions that allows them to remain connected to the grid. Monitoring power flow at the point of common coupling is one of the many functions the controller should perform. Smart inverters can inject active power to pick up critical load or inject reactive power to regulate voltage within the electric grid. In this context, this thesis focuses on a high level and local control design that incorporates DERs. Different controllers are implemented to stabilize the microgrid in an Islanding and resiliency mode. The microgrid can be used as a resiliency source when the distribution is unavailable. An average model in the D-Q frame is calculated to analyze the inherent dynamics of the current controller for the point of common coupling (PCC). The space vector approach is applied to design the voltage and frequency controller. Secondly, using inverters for Volt/VAR control (VVC) can provide a faster response for voltage regulation than traditional voltage regulation devices. Another objective of this research is to demonstrate how smart inverters and capacitor banks in the system can be used to eliminate the voltage deviation. A mixed-integer quadratic problem (MIQP) is formulated to determine the amount of reactive power that should be injected or absorbed at the appropriate nodes by inverter. The Big M method is used to address the nonconvex problem. This contribution can be used by distribution operators to minimize the voltage deviation in the system.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Alvarez, Genesis Barbie"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Electrical Engineering","degree_department":"Electrical Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Liu, Chen-Ching"],"committee_members":["De La Ree, Jaime","Centeno, Virgilio A."],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019-10-17","date_published":"2019-10-17","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:08Z","subjects":["Distributed Energy Resources","Mixed-Integer Quadratic Programming","Microgrid","Volt/Var Optimization","Smart Inverters","Linear Quadratic Regulator"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:22509"],"render_values":[{"text":"vt_gsexam:22509","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94627","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Liu, Chen-Ching"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["De La Ree, Jaime","Centeno, Virgilio A."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Electrical Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Alvarez, Genesis Barbie"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2019-10-18T08:00:29Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-10-18T08:00:29Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2019-10-17"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Electrical Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Distributed Energy Resources","Mixed-Integer Quadratic Programming","Microgrid","Volt/Var Optimization","Smart Inverters","Linear Quadratic Regulator"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:22509"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94627"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["As inverter-based distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) penetrate within the distribution system. New challenges regarding how to utilize these devices to improve power quality arises. Before, PV systems were required to disconnect from the grid during a large disturbance, but now smart inverters are required to have dynamically controlled functions that allows them to remain connected to the grid. Monitoring power flow at the point of common coupling is one of the many functions the controller should perform. Smart inverters can inject active power to pick up critical load or inject reactive power to regulate voltage within the electric grid. In this context, this thesis focuses on a high level and local control design that incorporates DERs. Different controllers are implemented to stabilize the microgrid in an Islanding and resiliency mode. The microgrid can be used as a resiliency source when the distribution is unavailable. An average model in the D-Q frame is calculated to analyze the inherent dynamics of the current controller for the point of common coupling (PCC). The space vector approach is applied to design the voltage and frequency controller. Secondly, using inverters for Volt/VAR control (VVC) can provide a faster response for voltage regulation than traditional voltage regulation devices. Another objective of this research is to demonstrate how smart inverters and capacitor banks in the system can be used to eliminate the voltage deviation. A mixed-integer quadratic problem (MIQP) is formulated to determine the amount of reactive power that should be injected or absorbed at the appropriate nodes by inverter. The Big M method is used to address the nonconvex problem. This contribution can be used by distribution operators to minimize the voltage deviation in the system."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstractgeneral","label":"General Abstract","values":["Reliable power supply from the electric grid is an essential part of modern life. This critical infrastructure can be vulnerable to cascading failures or natural disasters. A solution to improve power systems resilience can be through microgrids. A microgrid is a small network of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (DERs) such as microturbines, wind power, solar power, or traditional internal combustion engines. A microgrid can operate being connected or disconnected from the grid. This research emphases on the potentially use of a Microgrid as a resiliency source during grid restoration to pick up critical load. In this research, controllers are designed to pick up critical loads (i.e hospitals, street lights and military bases) from the distribution system in case the electric grid is unavailable. This case study includes the design of a Microgrid and it is being tested for its feasibility in an actual integration with the electric grid. Once the grid is restored the synchronization between the microgrid and electric must be conducted. Synchronization is a crucial task. An abnormal synchronization can cause a disturbance in the system, damage equipment, and overall lead to additional system outages. This thesis develops various controllers to conduct proper synchronization. Interconnecting inverter-based distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaic and battery storage within the distribution system can use the electronic devices to improve power quality. This research focuses on using these devices to improve the voltage profile within the distribution system and the frequency within the Microgrid."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["ETD"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Control Design for a Microgrid in Normal and Resiliency Modes of a Distribution System"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Liu, Chen-Ching"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["De La Ree, Jaime","Centeno, Virgilio A."],"dc:contributor.department":["Electrical Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Alvarez, Genesis Barbie"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2019-10-18T08:00:29Z"],"dc:date.available":["2019-10-18T08:00:29Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2019-10-17"],"dc:description.abstract":["As inverter-based distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) penetrate within the distribution system. New challenges regarding how to utilize these devices to improve power quality arises. Before, PV systems were required to disconnect from the grid during a large disturbance, but now smart inverters are required to have dynamically controlled functions that allows them to remain connected to the grid. Monitoring power flow at the point of common coupling is one of the many functions the controller should perform. Smart inverters can inject active power to pick up critical load or inject reactive power to regulate voltage within the electric grid. In this context, this thesis focuses on a high level and local control design that incorporates DERs. Different controllers are implemented to stabilize the microgrid in an Islanding and resiliency mode. The microgrid can be used as a resiliency source when the distribution is unavailable. An average model in the D-Q frame is calculated to analyze the inherent dynamics of the current controller for the point of common coupling (PCC). The space vector approach is applied to design the voltage and frequency controller. Secondly, using inverters for Volt/VAR control (VVC) can provide a faster response for voltage regulation than traditional voltage regulation devices. Another objective of this research is to demonstrate how smart inverters and capacitor banks in the system can be used to eliminate the voltage deviation. A mixed-integer quadratic problem (MIQP) is formulated to determine the amount of reactive power that should be injected or absorbed at the appropriate nodes by inverter. The Big M method is used to address the nonconvex problem. This contribution can be used by distribution operators to minimize the voltage deviation in the system."],"dc:description.abstractgeneral":["Reliable power supply from the electric grid is an essential part of modern life. This critical infrastructure can be vulnerable to cascading failures or natural disasters. A solution to improve power systems resilience can be through microgrids. A microgrid is a small network of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (DERs) such as microturbines, wind power, solar power, or traditional internal combustion engines. A microgrid can operate being connected or disconnected from the grid. This research emphases on the potentially use of a Microgrid as a resiliency source during grid restoration to pick up critical load. In this research, controllers are designed to pick up critical loads (i.e hospitals, street lights and military bases) from the distribution system in case the electric grid is unavailable. This case study includes the design of a Microgrid and it is being tested for its feasibility in an actual integration with the electric grid. Once the grid is restored the synchronization between the microgrid and electric must be conducted. Synchronization is a crucial task. An abnormal synchronization can cause a disturbance in the system, damage equipment, and overall lead to additional system outages. This thesis develops various controllers to conduct proper synchronization. Interconnecting inverter-based distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaic and battery storage within the distribution system can use the electronic devices to improve power quality. This research focuses on using these devices to improve the voltage profile within the distribution system and the frequency within the Microgrid."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["ETD"],"dc:identifier.other":["vt_gsexam:22509"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94627"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["Distributed Energy Resources","Mixed-Integer Quadratic Programming","Microgrid","Volt/Var Optimization","Smart Inverters","Linear Quadratic Regulator"],"dc:title":["Control Design for a Microgrid in Normal and Resiliency Modes of a Distribution System"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Electrical Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:08Z"}