{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/87630"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/87630","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Emissions, efficiency, and combustion chamber conditions of a smokeless, hand-fired coal heater","abstract":"The emissions, efficiency, and combustion chamber conditions of the Rayburn Prince 76, a clean-burning, hand-fired coal heater developed by the British have been studied. It was desired to determine if the downdraft design of the Prince would lead to low emissions when operated on American coals. Temperature and species concentrations were measured in the unit's secondary combustion chamber. Temperatures and gas residence times in the secondary combustion chamber were found to range from 440 to 1040°C and 15 to 40 ms, respectively. Little soot and volatile oxidation probably occurred in the chamber, due to the relatively low temperatures and short residence times. The emissions and efficiency of the heater were determined for operation on two bituminous coals at both high and low firing rates. The CO, NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>x</sub>, and smoke emission factors were found to range from 38 to 120 g/kg, 1.2 to 5.8 g/kg, 3.3 to 5.4 g/kg, and 2.3 to 16 g/kg, respectively. The smoke emission factors for the Prince were found to be up to six times lower than those found using identical coals in updraft stoves. The overall efficiency of the unit was determined to range from 54 to 60%. The sensible energy losses were found to represent the majority of the total energy losses.","abstract_html":"The emissions, efficiency, and combustion chamber conditions of the Rayburn Prince 76, a clean-burning, hand-fired coal heater developed by the British have been studied. It was desired to determine if the downdraft design of the Prince would lead to low emissions when operated on American coals. Temperature and species concentrations were measured in the unit&#x27;s secondary combustion chamber. Temperatures and gas residence times in the secondary combustion chamber were found to range from 440 to 1040°C and 15 to 40 ms, respectively. Little soot and volatile oxidation probably occurred in the chamber, due to the relatively low temperatures and short residence times. The emissions and efficiency of the heater were determined for operation on two bituminous coals at both high and low firing rates. The CO, NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, SO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, and smoke emission factors were found to range from 38 to 120 g/kg, 1.2 to 5.8 g/kg, 3.3 to 5.4 g/kg, and 2.3 to 16 g/kg, respectively. The smoke emission factors for the Prince were found to be up to six times lower than those found using identical coals in updraft stoves. The overall efficiency of the unit was determined to range from 54 to 60%. The sensible energy losses were found to represent the majority of the total energy losses.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Waslo, Daniel"],"institution":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":"Mechanical Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1982,"date_issued":"1982","date_published":"1982","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:21Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87630","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Mechanical Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Waslo, Daniel"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2019-02-15T20:59:41Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-02-15T20:59:41Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1982"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87630"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The emissions, efficiency, and combustion chamber conditions of the Rayburn Prince 76, a clean-burning, hand-fired coal heater developed by the British have been studied. It was desired to determine if the downdraft design of the Prince would lead to low emissions when operated on American coals. Temperature and species concentrations were measured in the unit's secondary combustion chamber. Temperatures and gas residence times in the secondary combustion chamber were found to range from 440 to 1040°C and 15 to 40 ms, respectively. Little soot and volatile oxidation probably occurred in the chamber, due to the relatively low temperatures and short residence times. The emissions and efficiency of the heater were determined for operation on two bituminous coals at both high and low firing rates. The CO, NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>x</sub>, and smoke emission factors were found to range from 38 to 120 g/kg, 1.2 to 5.8 g/kg, 3.3 to 5.4 g/kg, and 2.3 to 16 g/kg, respectively. The smoke emission factors for the Prince were found to be up to six times lower than those found using identical coals in updraft stoves. The overall efficiency of the unit was determined to range from 54 to 60%. The sensible energy losses were found to represent the majority of the total energy losses."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Emissions, efficiency, and combustion chamber conditions of a smokeless, hand-fired coal heater"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Mechanical Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Waslo, Daniel"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2019-02-15T20:59:41Z"],"dc:date.available":["2019-02-15T20:59:41Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1982"],"dc:description.abstract":["The emissions, efficiency, and combustion chamber conditions of the Rayburn Prince 76, a clean-burning, hand-fired coal heater developed by the British have been studied. It was desired to determine if the downdraft design of the Prince would lead to low emissions when operated on American coals. Temperature and species concentrations were measured in the unit's secondary combustion chamber. Temperatures and gas residence times in the secondary combustion chamber were found to range from 440 to 1040°C and 15 to 40 ms, respectively. Little soot and volatile oxidation probably occurred in the chamber, due to the relatively low temperatures and short residence times. The emissions and efficiency of the heater were determined for operation on two bituminous coals at both high and low firing rates. The CO, NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>x</sub>, and smoke emission factors were found to range from 38 to 120 g/kg, 1.2 to 5.8 g/kg, 3.3 to 5.4 g/kg, and 2.3 to 16 g/kg, respectively. The smoke emission factors for the Prince were found to be up to six times lower than those found using identical coals in updraft stoves. The overall efficiency of the unit was determined to range from 54 to 60%. The sensible energy losses were found to represent the majority of the total energy losses."],"dc:description.degree":["M.S."],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87630"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Emissions, efficiency, and combustion chamber conditions of a smokeless, hand-fired coal heater"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:21Z"}